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英语原文共 17 页, 塞尔维亚中小微农业企业融资路径研究 Otilija Sedlak 1 , Slobodanka Jovin 2 , Radovan Pejanović 3 , Zoran Ćirić 4 , Jelica Eremić Đođić 5 摘 要 只有为建立和发展提供足够的财政资源,中小微单位才能对农业综合企业的发展作出贡献。本文分析了与大型企业相比,为塞尔维亚农业综合企业的中小微法人实体融资的可能性。实证研究包括一项由119个农业综合企业单位组成的调查,根据规模分为三类,目的是证实不同规模的单位在获得银行贷款的可能性和信贷核准条件的评价过程方面有很大的差别。此外,还需证实在农业综合企业中采取的必要的关键经济措施是存在差异的。结果显示,对于大多数观察到的参数,每组业务单元之间存在显著差异。因此,与大企业相比,中小型企业,特别是企业家和农民(微型单位)获得金
英语原文共 9 页, 增强乙醇呼吸链的巴氏醋酸杆菌的高强度食醋发酵 齐正良,杨海林,夏晓乐,王旺,余晓斌 接收:2013年11月10日/修订:2014 年2月3日/采用:2014年2月5日 copy;韩国生物技术与生物工程学会和Springer 2014 摘要:寻求醋酸菌(AAB)发酵高强度醋仍然是醋生产者的任务。位于醋酸菌细胞内膜上的乙醇呼吸链直接负责醋的发酵。在用巴氏醋酸杆菌CICIM B7003进行的半连续醋发酵中,醋酸化率与乙醇呼吸链中酶的活性呈正相关。为了取得高强度发酵过程,设计了一系列试验来提高醋酸菌乙醇呼吸链的活性。最后,通过添加一些与乙醇呼吸的相关因子的前体(亚铁离子和 beta;-羟基苯甲酸)并增加通气速率(0.14 vvm),可以增强醋酸化作用。最终结果是,平均醋酸化率提高到2.29plusmn;0.02 g/L/h,比原始水平高出28.7%。同时,发
英语原文共 6 页, 一种解决铜氧化加成问题的根本方法: 溴代芳烃的三氟甲基化 Chip Le,* Tiffany Q. Chen,* Tao Liang,* Patricia Zhang,David W. C. MacMillan 摘要 在过去的一个世纪中,过渡金属催化的芳烃功能化已广泛用于分子合成。在这个领域中,由于高价铜倾向于通过多种偶联片段进行还原性消除,因此铜催化长期以来一直有着特殊的地位。然而,氧化加成的缓慢性质限制了铜广泛参与促进卤代芳烃偶联方案的能力。在这里,我们证明了通过芳基自由基捕获机制可以克服这种铜的氧化加成缓慢的问题,其中芳基自由基是通过甲硅烷基自由基卤素的提取而产生的。通过双重铜-光氧化还原催化,该策略被应用于芳基溴化物的一般三氟甲基化。此机理研究支持开环芳基物质的形成。 正文 通过过渡金属催化进行片段偶联转化的发
英语原文共 6 页, 可见光介导半胱氨酸的间歇和流动选择性芳基化反应 Cecilia Bottecchia, Maarten Rubens, Smita B. Gunnoo, Volker Hessel, Annemieke Madder, and Timothy Noel 摘要:提出了一种温和的可见光介导半胱氨酸芳基化的方法。该方法依赖于伊红Y作为无金属光催化剂和芳基二氮盐作为芳基化剂。在微流体反应器中可以显著加速反应,同时允许原位形成所需的重氮盐。本文描述的间歇和流动协议可用于获得大量的芳基化半胱氨酸衍生物和芳基化半胱氨酸二肽。此外,该方法还应用于模型肽在短反应时间内的生物相容性反应条件(室温、磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)缓冲液)中化学选择性芳基化。 C-S键的组成在有机合成和药物发现领域具有很高的价值[1]。 但是,由于金属催化剂与硫原子之间不理想的配位作用,传统的交叉耦合方法往往是不足C-S
英语原文共 11 页, 双渠道供应链中互补产品的定价和服务 王丽莎 宋华明 王钊 关键字词 定价 定价和服务决策 配套产品 双通道 贝特朗 斯塔克尔贝格 摘要 本文研究了由两个制造商和一个共同的零售商组成的双通道供应链中互补产品的定价和服务决策。两家制造商之一通过直接在线渠道和传统零售渠道分销产品。考虑到不同供应链结构的有效性和两种渠道定价形式的有效性,建立了四个博弈模型。利用向后归纳和博弈论,获得了相应的解析均衡解。最后,给出了数值示例,以比较从上述模型获得的最佳结果的有效性,并对一些关键参数进行敏感性分析,从而获得一些有价值的管理见解。 1.介绍 近来,随着互联网的快速发展,越来越多的人开始直接在线购物。互联网在商业活动和消费者中的作
CHAPTER 3 THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (JOHN A. PEARCEⅡ RICHARD B. ROBINSON , JR., STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FORMULATION, IMPLEMENTATIN, AND CONTROL: SIXTH EDITION,东北财经大学出版社,1998.8,P62-67) A host of external factors influence a firms choice of direction and action and, ultimately, its organizational structure and internal processes. These factors, which constitute the Remote environment, can be divided into three interrelated subcategories: factors in the remote environment, factors in the industry environment, and factors in the operating environment. This chapter describes the complex necessities involved in formulating strategies that optimize a firms market opportunities. Figure 3-1 suggests the interrelationship between the firm and its remote, its industry, and its operating environments. In combination, these factors form the basis of the opportunities and threats that a firm faces in its competitive environment. ROMOTE ENVIRONMENT The remote en
CHAPTER 3 THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (JOHN A. PEARCEⅡ RICHARD B. ROBINSON , JR., STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FORMULATION, IMPLEMENTATIN, AND CONTROL: SIXTH EDITION,东北财经大学出版社,1998.8,P68-74) Land pollution is caused by the need to dispose of ever-increasing amounts of waste. Routine,everyday packaging is a major contributor to this problem,as described in Global Strategy in Action 3-1.Land pollution is more dauntingly caused by the disposal of industrial toxic wastes in underground sites. With approximately 90 percent being placed in underground dumps,it is evident that land pollution and its resulting endangerment of the ecology have become a major item on the political agenda. As a major contributor to ecological pollution,business now is being held responsible for eliminating the toxic by-products of its current manufacturing processes and for cleaning up the environmental damage that is died previously. Increasingly,managers are being req
附:英文原文 Chapter1 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (JOHN A.PEARCEⅡ RICHARD B.ROBINSON ,JR.,STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FORMULATION,IMPLEMENTATIN,AND CONTROL:SIXTH EDITION,东北财经大学出版社,1998.8,P3-7) THE NATURE AND VALUE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Managing activities internal to the firm is only part of the modern executiversquo;s responsibilities. The modern executive also must respond to the challenges posed by the firmrsquo;s immediate and remote external environments. The immediate external environment includes competitors, suppliers, increasingly scarce resources, government agencies and their ever more numerous regulations, and customers whose preferences often shift inexplicably. The remote external environment comprises economic and social conditions, political priorities, and technological developments, all of which must be anticipated, monitored, assessed, and incorporated into the executiversquo;s decision making. However, the executive often is comp
CHAPTER 1 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (JOHN A.PEARCEⅡ RICHARD B.ROBINSON ,JR.,STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FORMULATION,IMPLEMENTATIN,AND CONTROL:SIXTH EDITION,东北财经大学出版社,1998.8,P6-12) In the middle of the decision-making hierarchy is the business level, composed principally of business and corporate managers. These managers must translate the statements of direction and intent generated at the corporate level into concrete objectives and strategies for individual business divisions, or SBUs. In essence, business-level strategic managers determine how the firm will compete in the selected product-market arena. They strive to identify and secure the most promising market segment within that arena. This segment is the piece of the total market that the firm can claim and defend because of its competitive advantages. At the bottom of the decision-making hierarchy is the functional level, composed principally of managers of product, geographic, and functional areas. T
英语原文共 7 页, 用于LED智能照明的动态照度测量和控制 摘要 室内照明的能源管理对于建设智慧城市至关重要。 一个根据日光水平使电灯变暗的照明系统有助于节能。 实现这种日光控制的最常见方法之一是测量日光和电灯的组合,并确定电灯的调光水平。 基于PWM调光原理,我们提出了一种用于LED的低计算成本和部分反馈闭环控制方案,该方案仅测量和反馈日光的贡献,而不是两个光水平的贡献,来确定电光的输出。 使用光电传感器TEMT6000,提出了一个原型来验证部分反馈方案。 实验表明,部分反馈控制器具有令人满意的稳定亮度的能力。 1.介绍 智慧城市负责平衡环境和自然资源; 因此,节能照明对于降低能源成本,促进环境和经济可持续性至关重要[1]。 考虑到建筑物消耗的30-45%的电能用于照明[2],除了城市
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