附录B 外文原文 Analysis of Influencing Factors of RMB Exchange Rate Trend Based on Least Square Method Introduction Exchange rate represents the national currency exchange rate which marks the standard of fair distribution of economic transactions among countries. The exchange rate adjustment can change a countrys foreign trade ability and affect the countrys economic development level. Since the reform and opening up, with the development of the global economy and Chinas active participation in the world financial circle, the demand for domestic and foreign market resources has become an important driving force for the growth of Chinas domestic economy. The economy of China and the world has formed an interdependent relationship. The study of exchange rate determination theory includes two aspects: the decisive factor and the trend of exchange rate change. The exchange rate determines the direction and development of the exchange rate. Exchange rate

THE CONTRIBUTION OF RURAL TOURISM TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RURAL AREAS Associate Professor Anca Turtureanu, PhD “Danubius” University from Galati 1 Introduction The World Tourism Organization (WTO) defined sustainable tourism development as “that which meets the needs of present tourist and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to the management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity,essential for ecological process, biological diversity and life supporting system”. The economic quality of a regional development is ability of the region due to its own resources to produce such a gross income, which can provide high levels of consumption and accumulation in the region for a long time. The social quality of a regional development is ability of the region due its own demographic potential and social i

Hyde K F. The Nature of Independent Travel[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2003, 42:13-23. The Nature of Independent Travel A continuing trend in international tourism is the growth in independent travel and the relative decline in package travel .To the travel industry, a package traveler is a vacation traveler who has booked his or her air travel and accommodation—and perhaps other elements of the vacation—through a travel retailer. This traveler has purchased a product bundle, or package. To the travel industry, independent travelers are all tourists who are not package travelers; They are all the vacation travelers who have not booked an air travel and accommodation package with a travel retailer.By this definition, those vacation travelers who have booked only air travel with the travel retailer would be considered independent travelers; those vacation travelers who have booked their travel or accommodation through the Internet would also be considered independent t

Numerical control technology and equippingdevelopment trend and countermeasure Equip the engineering level , level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation , spaceflight,etc. national defense industry industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said ' the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced , and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor '. Manufacturing technology and equiping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around t

Microcomputer Systems Electronic systems are used for handing information in the most general sense; this information may be telephone conversation, instrument read or a companyrsquo;s accounts, but in each case the same main type of operation are involved: the processing, storage and transmission of information. in conventional electronic design these operations are combined at the function level; for example a counter, whether electronic or mechanical, stores the current and increments it by one as required. A system such as an electronic clock which employs counters has its storage and processing capabilities spread throughout the system because each counter is able to store and process numbers. Present day microprocessor based systems depart from this conventional approach by separating the three functions of processing, storage, and transmission into different section of the system. This partitioning into three main functions was devised by Von Neumann during the 1940s,

High-speed milling High-speed machining is an advanced manufacturing technology, different from the traditional processing methods. The spindle speed, cutting feed rate, cutting a small amount of units within the time of removal of material has increased three to six times. With high efficiency, high precision and high quality surface as the basic characteristics of the automobile industry, aerospace, mold manufacturing and instrumentation industry, such as access to a wide range of applications, has made significant economic benefits, is the contemporary importance of advanced manufacturing technology. For a long time, people die on the processing has been using a grinding or milling EDM (EDM) processing, grinding, polishing methods. Although the high hardness of the EDM machine parts, but the lower the productivity of its application is limited. With the development of high-speed processing technology, used to replace high-speed cutting, grinding and polishing process to die p

Kinematic and dynamic synthesis of a parallel kinematic high speed drilling machine Abstract Typically, the termlsquo;lsquo;high speed drillingrsquo;rsquo; is related to spindle capability of high cutting speeds. The suggested high speed drilling machine (HSDM) extends this term to include very fast and accurate point-to-point motions. The new HSDM is composed of a planar parallel mechanism with two linear motors as the inputs. The paper is focused on the kinematic and dynamic synthesis of this parallel kinematic machine (PKM). The kinematic synthesis introduces a new methodology of input motion planning for ideal drilling operation and accurate point-to-point positioning. The dynamic synthesis aims at reducing the input power of the PKM using a spring element. Keywords: Parallel kinematic machine; High speed drilling; Kinematic and dynamic synthesis 1. Introduction High-speed machining is an advanced manufacturing technology, different from the traditional p

Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2001) 17:649–653  2001 Springer-Verlag London Limited Real-Time Prediction of Work piece Errors for a CNC Turning Centre, Part 1. Measurement and Identification X. Li Department of Manufacturing Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong This paper analyses the error sources of the work piece in bar turning, which mainly derive from the geometric error of machine tools, i.e. the thermally induced error, the error arising from machine–work piece–tool system deflection induced by the cutting forces. A simple and low-cost compact measuring system combining a fine touch sensor and Q-setter of machine tools (FTSFQ) is developed, and applied to measure the work- piece dimensions. An identification method for work piece errors is also presented. The work piece errors which are composed of the geometric error, thermal error, and cutting force error can be identified according to the measurement results of each step. The model o

Telemarketing Telemarketing (sometimes known as inside sales, or telesales in the UK and Ireland) is a method of direct marketing in which a salesperson solicits prospective customers to buy products or services, either over the phone or through a subsequent face to face or Web conferencing appointment scheduled during the call. Telemarketing can also include recorded sales pitches programmed to be played over the phone via automatic dialing. 1．History The term telemarketing was first used extensively in the late 1970s to describe Bell System communications which related to new uses for the outbound WATS and inbound Toll-free services. 1.1 Telephonists The rise of telemarketing can be traced back to the 19th century telephonists, or switchboard operators. Trans-cultural hiring of switchboard operators (mostly women) became especially popular in North America throughout the 20th century, partially due to popularity gained through advertising. After the shift fro

外文原文 PLCs --Past, Present and Future Everyone knows theres only one constant in the technology world, and thats change. This is especially evident in the evolution of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and their varied applications. From their introduction more than 30 years ago, PLCs have become the cornerstone of hundreds of thousands of control systems in a wide range of industries. At heart, the PLC is an industrialized computer programmed with highly specialized languages, and it continues to benefit from technological advances in the computer and information technology worlds. The most prominent of which is miniaturization and communications. The Shrinking PLC When the PLC was first introduced, its size was a major improvement - relative to the hundreds of hard-wired relays and timers it replaced. A typical unit housing a CPU and I/O was roughly the size of a 19 television set. Through the 1980s and early 1990s, modular PLCs continued to shr