How firm characteristics affect capital structure: an empirical study Nikolaos Eriotis National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, and Dimitrios Vasiliou and Zoe Ventoura-Neokosmidi Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece Abstract Purpose:The aim of this study is to isolate the firm characteristics that affect capital structure. Design/methodology/approach:The investigation has been performed using panel dataprocedure for a sample of 129 Greek companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange during 1997-2001. The number of the companies in the sample corresponds to the 63 per cent of the listed firms in 1996. The firm characteristics are analyzed as determinants of capital structure according to different explanatory theories. The hypothesis that is tested in this paper is that the debt ratio at time t depends on the size of the firm at time t, the growth of the firm at time t, its quick ratio at time t and its interest co

附录B 外文原文 The Relationship between Chinese Listed Companiesrsquo; Ownership Structure and Corporate Performance The date from cement industry of listed companies I. INTRODUCTION The relationship between ownership structure and company performance has been the focus of domestic and foreign argument. The research of this issue has not yet to form a consistent conclusion. Only when we understand the relationship between ownership structure and business performance, we will know what kind of ownership structure is reasonable and establish a rational basis for ownership structure for the next phase. And we can finally improve the company performance. So this article takes the listed companies in cement industry as samples. Through the empirical analysis of Chinese listed companies ownership structure and firm performance, establish the ownership structure and company performance relationship model which is suitable for Chinas national conditions and has a stron

BS 8110-1:1997 Structural use of concrete — Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction Section 4. Design and detailing: prestressed concrete NOTE In this section the design strengths of materials are expressed in all tables and equations in terms of the characteristic strength of the material. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all equations and tables include allowances for frac34;m. 4.1 Design basis 4.1.1 General This section follows the limit state philosophy set out in section 2. As it is not possible to assume that a particular limit state will always be the critical one, design methods are given for the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit states. For lightweight aggregate concrete, design should be with reference to section 5 of BS 8110-2:1985. The prestress losses will, in general, be greater than those for dense aggregate concrete; specialist literature gives guidance. This section gives methods of analysis and

Construction of the competition and competition strategy Engineering and construction firms from the United States dominated the global market for many decades but recent world events have altered their position. To investigate the driving forces and trends that will affect engineering and construction competition in the next decade, a research project, called the 'Anatomy of Construction Competition in the Year 2000', was sponsored by the Construction Industry Institutes Construc-tion 2000 Task Force- The project examined the factors that affect competitiveness, including the following, The shaping of corporate capabilities; vertical integration and horizontal expansion to increase corporate capabilities and market share, including acquisition and mergers by offshore conglomerates and the acquisition of foreign firms by U. S. companies. Financing options; the role of privatization, build-own-transfer projects, and the nature of project financing in future

Voluntary Employee Turnover: A Literature Review and Evidence-Based, User-Centered Strategies to Improve Retention. MT Scott Jinel;ensp;Waite Stephen;ensp;Reede Deborah Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York.;ensp;Clinical Associate Professor of Radiology and Internal Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York.;ensp;Director of Emergency Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYC Health and Hospitals Kings County, Director of Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, Department of Radiology at Kings County Hospital, and SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York. Electronic address: jinel.scott@downstate.edu. 展开 DOI: 10.1016/J.JACR.2020.09.056 Abstract The business case for employee retention is well established in the literature. Simply stated, it is more financially advantageous to keep employees than to recruit and hire someone new. Rec

附录B 外文原文 The INN global nomenclature of biological medicines: A continuous challenge Abstract Medicines are assigned International Nonproprietary Names (INN) by the World Health Organization (WHO), pursuing the aim to increase patient safety. Following scientific developments in drug discovery and biotechnology,the number of biological medicines is constantly growing and a surge in INN applications for them has been observed. Pharmacologically active biological substances have a complex structure and mechanism of action posing new challenges in selecting names that appropriately reflect such properties. As a consequence, existing nomenclature naming schemes may need to be revised and new ones developed. This review reports on the recently implemented policies for naming fusion proteins, monoclonal antibodies, advanced therapy substances that cover gene and cell therapy, virus-based therapies as well as vaccines and vaccine-like substances. Different approache

Indigenous Research on Chinese Management: What and How Abstract We attempt to provide a definition and a typology of indigenous research on Chinese management as well as outline the general methodological approaches for this type of research. We also present an integrative summary of the four articles included in this special issue and show how they illustrate our definition and typology of indigenous research on Chinese management, as well as the various methodological approaches we advocate. Further, we introduce a commentary on the four articles from the perspective of engaged scholarship, and also three additional articles included in this issue. Finally, we conclude with our suggestions for future indigenous research. KEYWORDS Chinese management, indigenous research, methodology, qualitative, theory-building INTRODUCTION Many authors argue that indigenous research is essential for a full understanding of local phenomena (e.g., Enriquez, 1990; Kim amp; B

Applications of Civil Engineering to Architecture Civil engineers have been around for centuries, whether they were called civil engineers or not. All around the globe engineers are constantly creating ways to make the lives of people safer and easier. Civil engineers have affected our lives such as the Hoover Dam which brings power to Los Angeles, Las Vegas and Phoenix. Civil engineers designed the pyramids of Egypt, the arch bridges in early Europe, and the present day advanced subway systems and highway systems around the world. Civil engineers design and construct structures. These structures help benefit society and the economy. For instance, structures that make travel easier and bring electricity and water to cities. Civil engineers are overlooked and go unnoticed even though they build these amazing structures that help people. Their role in society is greater than people realize, and civil engineers should not be overlooked. Civil engineers do not just design things

An Analysis of Online Education Business Model Taking 'Yuanfudao' as an Example Abstract While the offline education business is blocked and stagnated during the outbreak of COVID-19, the online education business, which is on the rise, once again ushers in the greatest growth potential. Chinas online education industry has been booming in recent years and has received long-term attention and support from national policies. The K-12 online education platform with 'Yuanfudao' online education as a typical example has gradually explored and established a business model suitable for its own development in the broad market. With great potential in Chinas K-12 education market, the technological support of the Internet will certainly bring reform opportunities to education. Taking 'Yuanfudao online education' as a typical example, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of its business model, extracts the commonness of online education business model, and provides references an

A Conceptual Framework to Understanding Online Consumer Buying Behavior Bijal Zaveri Amin, Department of Marketing and Management, Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology, Waghodia, Gujarat, India Prahant Amin, INOXCVA, Vadodara, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT Online shopping is becoming a well-accepted way to purchase a variety of products and services. For online shoppers, an online interactive hypertext environment enables them to search and control information; altera- tion in the traditional mass media environment in which the sender of messages largely controls what will be seen and heard as well as shift of control in favor of the receiver for customization of information, and quick comparative analysis among competing products/services. The attempt has been made by the researcher to include conceptual framework of online consumer buying behavior by including various aspects of literature review viz, Attitude, orientation and motivation towards online shopping.