英语原文共 11 页， 附录A 译文 地铁客车用亚稳态301LN奥氏体不锈钢的应变诱发马氏体相变及其逆转性能的提高 S. Srikanth , P. Saravanan , Vinod Kumar , D. Saravanan , L. Sivakumar , S. Sisodia , K. Ravi, B. K. Jha 印度钢铁管理局有限公司钢铁研发中心，Ranchi- 834002，印度萨勒姆钢铁厂，印度钢铁管理局有限公司，Salem-636 013，印度 摘 要 亚稳奥氏体不锈钢301LN广泛用于地铁客车结构件的制造。钢表现出高强度和增强可塑性由于应变硬化和应变的在冷变形形成马氏体(alpha;′)。预计当前的市场需求,在印度的许多在建地铁项目,要求生产的钢与极限抗拉强度(ut)超过1000 MPa和产量(y / ut)之比小于0.8,因为这将有利于大幅削减皮重和crash-worthiness地铁教练。高回火(HT)下的典型性能要求为:屈服强度(YS) ~ 751-921 MPa，极限抗拉强度(UTS) ~ 1001-1151 MPa，延伸率~ 22% mi

英语原文共 8 页， 夹具布局设计与夹紧力优化的变形控制 陈伟芳＆倪立军＆薛建斌 摘要:数控加工过程中必须控制工件变形。夹具布置和夹紧力是影响加工变形程度和分布的两个主要方面。为了降低变形程度，提高变形分布的均匀性，建立了多目标模型。采用有限元法对其进行了变形分析。提出了一种求解优化模型的遗传算法。算例表明，该方法得到了满意的结果，远远优于经验方法。多目标模型能有效地减小加工变形，改善分布条件。 关键词：夹具布局、夹紧力、遗传算法、有限元法 1介绍 夹具设计是制造工程中的一个重要环节。这对加工精度至关重要。在使用定位装置、夹具和支架等夹具元件进行加工时，工件应约束在夹具中。定位器、夹具和支架的位置应进行战略性设计，并施加适当的夹紧力。夹具元件可以�

英语原文共 9 页， 使用增强现实技术进行智能制造的设计和交互界面 摘要 在本文中，我们应用了增强现实（AR）技术来开发智能制造（Smart MFG）的设计和交互界面。缺乏适当的人机交互（HMI）工具支持Smart MFG环境中的交互和自定义功能，推动了这项工作。为了解决这个研究问题，我们假设直接与机器控制单元（MCU）通信的基于AR的设计接口将增加交互程度和在手动数据输入（MDI）系统中执行的指令的复杂性。为了检验这个假设，我们开发了一个原型系统，该系统由一个AR平板电脑设备作为输入接口，以及一个Ultimaker3打印机作为机床。首先，这个供用户在AR环境中轻松高效地设计现有对象上的形状。最后，将定制的设计转换为机器代码，该代码也将根据机床以及虚拟模型和现有对象的注册进行定制。我们将通过在AR环境中在现有�

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 22(2009) 105-112 www.elsevier.com/locate/cja Adaptive Impedance-controlled Manipulator Based on Collision Detection Huang Jianbina,*, Xie Zongwua, Jin Minghea, Jiang Zainana, Liu Honga,b aState Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China bInstitute of Robotics and Mechatronics, German Aerospace Center, 82230 Wessling, Germany Received 11 March 2008; accepted 13 May 2008 Abstract This article provides a flexible-joint-manipulator, which incorporates with three means to make its mechanical arm come into compliant contact with the objects with a force kept within an acceptable range. At first, the Cartesian impedance control law is introduced on the basis of virtual decomposition to realize the compliance control. Then, adaptive dynamic joint compensators on all joints are used to achieve more precise control. Finally, a Cartesian force-feedback

附录Y 外文原文 Mechanical engineering Engineering science is widely used in our life, especially the application of mechanical engineering in our life is almost all over our life, from cars and airplanes to electric fans and umbrellas, all of which are related to machinery. Engineering includes many subjects, but mechanical engineering is one of the most important subjects, not only because it is closely related to our life, but also because with the progress of the times, people have relied on the products made by mechanical engineering. In the automation today, machines replace many parts of the labor that should be done by human beings, improving efficiency and saving time. There are basically only three ways for people to express their ideas, namely, written materials, oral expressions and drawings. Therefore, in addition to mastering technology, an excellent engineer should also be proficient in these three expressions. If a person with strong technical abilit

The stage of the project cost management Abstract:Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. Described the current stage of the project cost management situation on the strengthening of the various stages of construction cost management of the importance of and raised a number of key initiatives. Keywords: cost of the construction project cost management status investment decision phase of the design phase of the implementation phase of the cost management in a market economy 1 preface Even under the WTO and Chinas accession to the world community, Chinas construction industry how to effectively control construction cost of the construction and management of an important component part. However, the current budget for the construction projects - estimate, budget, Super budget accounts for the 'super three' is still widespread and that eventually led to a serious

Relevance of Skills in Total Quality Management in Engineering Studies as a Tool for Performing Their Jobs Abstract: The Spanish higher education system needs to adapt to the requirements of the European Higher Education Area and to this end, it is necessary for higher education institutions to improve the quality of university education, leading to an increase in competency-based learning activities aimed at developing the skills of graduates. Since university graduates face a large number of requirements when entering the labour market, they need to develop and constantly update the appropriate skills to carry out their work properly. This paper aims to address two fundamental questions. First, do engineering graduates need acquired skills in Total Quality Management (TQM) to perform their jobs successfully? Secondly, which job profile requires the highest level of Total Quality Management training and knowledge? We carried out different multivariate statistical analyses using

英语原文共 16 页， Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences(2015),Volume 7 No1,23-38 23 ________________________________________ 星巴克公司：21世纪领先的创新 Dr.Edel Lemus*,DBA,MIBA,Carlos Albizu University(Miami,Florida) Dr.Otto F.von Feigenblatt,MA,PhD,FRAS,FRAI,Carlos Albizu University(Miami,Florida) Prof.Miguel Orta,JD,MIBA,Nova Southeastern University(Fort Lauderdale,Florida) Dr.Orlando Rivero,MBA,DBA 摘要：本文的目的是在全球咖啡行业，回顾星巴克公司与创新变革的特征以及与之相关的最新趋势。星巴克在美国拥有5,415家特许商店；在欧洲/中东/非洲有1,143家授权商店；在中国/亚太地区有3000家的特许商店；有66家在其他市场中（请参阅附录A）。全球消费者市场需求强劲，尤其是巴西，中国，印度，韩国和越南的星巴克。这个需求提出了与道德和社会责任相关的挑战�

英语原文共 35 页， 1 介绍 供应链研究的最新发展集中在对正向和反向活动和流动的适当管理上。Guide和Van Wassenhove(2002)认为除了专门管理以增加销售为目标的正向流动以外，供应链还将其注意力延伸到逆向流动，通过逆向物流管理来提高经济效益。Guide和van Wassenhove(2009) Fleischmann(2001)等认为以及逆向活动包括实施非典型管理实践，如产品采购、逆向物流、使用点和处理点、测试、分拣、翻新、修复、回收、再营销和再销售。这些活动的管理需要足够的生产工厂和物流网络、适当的产品设计和工程、适当的采购和质量控制，适当的营销/销售/分销和售后服务活动。通过这些举措，供应链采取了闭环供应链(CLSC)的形式，因为Guide和Van Wassenhove(2002)认为它由传统的原材料、货物和信息流以及过去销售产品的反向流动组成。 CLSC中的公司应�

英语原文共 11 页， 介绍 鲜活农产品的需求不断增加，使得鲜活农产品冷链物流在技术和操作上都满足农产品个体需求的需求导致农产品物流运作成本高。新鲜农产品UCTS是城市居民的必需品，建立完善的生鲜农产品冷链物流体系是城市生活稳定的基本保证，也是支撑城市发展的基本条件。本文从生产加工企业冷链服务体系、批发市场冷链服务体系、面向超市的冷链配送服务体系、面向餐饮企业的冷链配送服务体系、冷链配送体系等方面进行了分析。从农产品冷链物流服务体系的角度，对冷链干线运输服务系统和商品储备冷链系统进行了分析，并分析了其发展趋势。城市发展需要大量的生鲜农产品供应，以更具竞争力和先进的冷链物流体系支撑。 面向城市的农产品冷链物流需求特征及发展态势分析 面向城市冷