Introduction Unemployment insurance (UI) is the most common public income support program for the unemployed in developed countries. In these countries, it typically offers good protection: it covers the majority of employed persons, irrespective of occupation or industry, and provides adequate smoothening of consumption patterns. In the early 1990s, transition countries also introduced UI programs, and their use in developing countries is on the rise as well. The incidence of unemployment benefit programs is strongly related to the level of development (see Vodopivec 2004). But prompted by increased exposure to foreign markets and fearing future global crises, more and more developing countries (including lower middle-income countries such as the Philippines and Sri Lanka) are contemplating to introduce UI. Such considerations are bolstered by the potential efficiency and distributive advantages of reforming social protection programs for workers in developing countries. Na

Employer Recruitment Strategies and the Labor Market Outcomes of New Hires Jed DeVaro Cornell University, jed.devaro@csueastbay.edu Employer Recruitment Strategies and the Labor Market Outcomes of New Hires Jed DeVaro* RRH: DEVARO: RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES Abstract The results in this paper suggest, among other things, a strong association between recruitment choices and starting wages. The theoretical framework motivating the empirical analysis is a wage-posting game in which firms make wage offers and choose recruitment strategies while recognizing a tradeoff between hiring speed and match quality. Introducing this methodological framework to the recruitment literature, I present new evidence on employersrsquo; choices of recruitment methods to answer the questions, “How do employer recruitment choices vary by firm and vacancy characteristics and the skill requirements of jobs,” and “How do vacancy duration and starting wages vary with recruitment c

Influencing factor analysis research Since the Modigliani and Miller (1958) since the academic structure of the capital a large number of theoretical and empirical research, trying to identify the potential impact of capital structure choice factors. A lot of literature suggests that the choice of capital structure by the asset structure, firm size, non-debt tax shields, growth, volatility, product uniqueness, profitability and other firm characteristics factors. In addition, the choice of capital structure is also affected by industry characteristics, macroeconomic and institutional environment factors. Harris and Raviv (1991) from the experience of many U.S. companies to sum up: 'leverage ratio of fixed assets, non-debt tax shields, growth and company size increases, with the volatility, advertising costs, bankruptcy the possibility of profitability and product uniqueness increases less. ' Chinese listed companies due to the particularity of the system, what factors determ

附录 外文原文 THE DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN CHINESE LISTED COMPANIES INTRODUCTION 1.0 Chapter overvie This chapter describes the capital structure of Chinese listed firms. Specifically, it looks into the determinants of debt to equity. Traditional and specific factors that affect capital structure decision have been highlighted by previous researchers (Chen,2003; and Brealey et al., 2006). The traditional factors contain the firm size, profitability, asset structure and tax shield effect. The specific factor is variable like ownership of company. In order to maximize companyrsquo;s values, this study investigates the determinants of capital structure, which is the choice of debt to equityin Chinese listed companies from 2005 to 2010. Capital structure is the mix of debt and equity used by a company which is financing their assets (Miller and Modigliani, 1958). The decision of capital structure is one of the most significant decisions made by fina

ELECTRICAL DESIGN amp; INSTALLATION SPECIFICATION CONTENTS 1. General 3 2. Design criteria 3 3. Environment Characteristic 3 4. Distribution system 3 5. Cable routing 4 6. Lighting system 4 7. Lightning protection, grounding and equipotential bonding 5 8. Others 7 1. General 1.1 All contents of design documents are bilingual, if the contradictions exist between Chinese and English, Chinese is as the standard. 1.2 Design Scope: The design areas of this project are including the revamping areas in existing 4002 building, revamping area in silo area 4010 unit and the revamping area in tank farm area, and including the cable routing of incoming cables from existing substation 4003. The electrical design scope includes the design of power, lighting, lightning protection and grounding system for the revamping and expansion areas. 2. Design Criteria 2.1 Design conditions from related other disciplines. 2.2 Related electric

Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in Liaocheng City，China CHEN Yong-jin* ，ZHANG Er-xun，LIU Jia-zhen，PAN Rui-zheng，ZHOU Chang-hui，KOU Wen-juan School of Environment and Planning，Liaocheng University，Liaocheng 252059，China Abstract Based on the introduction of research theories about rural labor force transfer at home and abroad，taking Liaocheng City as the representative of medium and small cities，transfer situation of rural labor force in Liaocheng City is discussed from several aspects， including the transfer of total labor force，structure of labor force，flow of regional labor force， industry selection of labor force，and income of labor force． Combining with the situation of labor force transfer in Liaocheng City，social benefits，including both negative and positive benefits，of labor force transfer are analyzed．From the aspect of positive benefit，foreign labor is one of premier builders for in-flow area ( city) ，fills in

Engineering Specification for Fire Alarm System System Description 1.1 System Components The FAS comprises the following equipment: Fire Alarm Controller Hardware Control Panel Fire Telephone Panel Programmable Alarm Trip Fire Alarm Control Cabinet Fire Display Panel Graphical Display Device Fire Detection Devices Module Marshalling Cabinet Junction Box Module Junction Box Alarm Devices Fire Telephone DC Power Supply System Architecture The FAS includes a fire alarm control cabinet. The cabinet located in the central control room of central control building. The field Devices and components related to the FAS will be connected to the FAS marshalling cabinet, and connected to the fire alarm control cabinet via the system cable, and the marshalling cabinet is located in the plant room of CCB. The FAS consists of one fire alarm controller, one fir

Specification for Power and Control Cables 电力和控制电缆说明书 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. REGULATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS 3 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENT 5 4. DESIGN REQUIREMENT 5 5. CABLE SPECIFICATIONS 9 6. QUALITY ASSURANCE, INSPECTION AND TESTING 10 7. PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT 12 8.DOCUMENTATION 12 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose This specification defines the minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, documentation and preparation for shipment for the supply of Power, Control Cables to be installed for in Chang Shu, Jiang Su Province, PRC. 1.2 Scope The Vendor shall supply all Power, Control Cables as defined in material take off. Each unit shall be complete with, but not limited to the following equipment and requirements: Cable, cable drums Packaging and marking for transport Inspection and Testing Documentation, drawings and certification 1.3 Vend

Active Labour Market Programme Participation for Unemployment Insurance Recipients Executive summary/Abstract BACKGROUND During the 1990s, many countries introduced Active Labour Market Programmes (ALMPs) in an effort to reduce unemployment. The introduction of ALMPs is often motivated by the need to upgrade the skills of especially those suffering long-term unemployment to improve their productivity and, subsequently, their employability.Other ALMPs are designed to encourage the unemployed to return to work.Typically, compulsory programme participation is required after the individual hasreceived unemployment benefits for a certain period of time. A large variety of different ALMPs exist among countries. They can consist of job search assistance, training, education, subsidized work and similar programmes.Some of the programmes (such as subsidized work, training and education) demand full-time participation over a long time period (e.g. several months), while otherp

附录B 外文原文 Spatial econometrics, land values and sustainability: Trends in real estate valuation research Abstract In the aftermath of the recent boom and bust of US real estate, both a refinement and a deeper understanding of real estate valuation methods have become critical concerns across a number of broad urban-related academic fields. Out of this we see three major trends in the field of real estate valuation research: (1) the expansion of spatial econometrics; (2) the recognition of the differences between land values and improvement values; and (3) acknowledgment of value premiums stemming from more sustainable forms of development. This paper offers a brief summary of the latest work in these emerging areas of academic valuation research. Keywords: Valuation trends, Spatial econometrics, Local regression, Land value, Land leverage, Sustainability, Green buildings, Compact development Introduction The academic field of property val