英语原文共 17 页， 基于报纸故事问题的情境科学教育：动机与学习效果研究[1]☆ Jochen Kuhna，[2]*，Andreas Mullerb报道 a德国凯撒斯劳滕大学物理系/物理教育组，Erwin-Schrodinger街46号，67663德国凯撒斯劳滕 b日内瓦大学，理学院/物理系和教师教育研究所，帕维隆大学邮政（IUFE），阿尔夫桥40号，1211日内瓦，瑞士 2014年3月16日收到；2014年6月1日接受 2014年6月21日在线可用 摘要 现实生活情境的运用具有悠久的传统，并且被认为是当前科学教育和教育心理学的一个重要问题。根据这两个领域的研究以及科学课堂的实践报告，本文讨论了建立这种背景的一种具体形式，即通过报纸故事问题（NSP）来建立情境。利用报纸文章中科学问题的特殊形式及其所提供的现实情境，研究了科学问题对学习动机和学习效果的影响。 在准实�

英语原文共 27 页， 导致采用JavaScript框架的因素和参与者 摘要 JavaScript越来越受欢迎，这导致产生了各种旨在帮助开发人员解决编程任务的JavaScript框架。然而，JavaScript框架的数量迅速增长到了数千甚至更多。对于从业人员来说，确定最适合需求的框架或者开发适合这个需求的新框架是一项挑战。至于是什么驱使编程人员做出选择，目前还缺乏相关的了解。本文探讨了JavaScript框架选择的因素和参与者。我们采用半结构化访谈的定性解释研究，运用扎根理论方法进行分析和抽样。我们采访了18名参与者，他们是通过对决策者关于JavaScript框架选择的评判性抽样选出的，直到理论饱和。我们提供了一个理想的JavaScript框架采用因素模型。这些因素按照技术的接受和使用统一理论分类。这些因素包括绩效预期、努力预期、社会影响力、便

Principal component analysis and factor analysis and SPSS software in detail the similarities and differences Abstract: The principal component analysis and factor analysis (R-type) is widely used, but some papers and some textbooks SPSS software (see text) error. This paper points out these errors and their causes, and points out the harm caused by errors, in principle gives the principal component analysis and R-type factor analysis of the detailed mathematical model of similarities and differences between the methods are given to avoid making mistakes, and the SPSS software and made recommendations about textbooks. Keywords: Principal component analysis; factor analysis; SPSS software; error; avoid Let = (X1, ..., XP for the standardized random vector (p ge; 2), R is the correlation coefficient matrix, = (F1, ..., Fm main component vector, = (Z1, ..., Zm for the factor vector, m le; p , for the convenience factor, factor estimates, factor score with the same mark.

英语原文共 6 页， 基于MapServer和PostGIS的考古网页地理信息系统（GIS）应用 M. A. Brovelli , D. Magni Politecnico di Milano, Polo Regionale di Como, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy - (maria, diego)@geomatica.ing.unico.it 摘要： 一个地区的文化遗产信息的可获得性可以领导社会改善对其的开发和维护，并带来丰硕成果。网页地理信息系统Spina Verde就是为此而生的。 主要目标是创建一种易于访问的工具，该工具既适合领域专家，例如考古学家或博物馆，也适合出于教育或旅游目的对该地区的文化资产感兴趣的外行人。领土和环境信息被组织为两个不同部分，以提供考古实体所在位置的完整且详尽的构架。第一个部分提供对于环境状况的分析，共五组专题地图；第二部分研究考古特征，并给出其位置和主要特征。 数据源既是数字数据（现有的和现场获取

英语原文共 12 页， 附录A 译文 Mask R-CNN 摘要 我们提出了一个概念上简单、灵活且通用的针对对象实例分割的框架。我们的方法能在有效地检测图像中对象的同时为每个实例生成高质量的分割模板，该方法称为Mask R-CNN，这种方法是在Faster R-CNN的基础上添加一个分割掩膜的分支与现有分支并行以确定识别的边界框。Mask R-CNN易于训练，且在Faster R-CNN的原有开销上仅增加了很小的、只有5 fps的运行开销。此外，Mask R-CNN易于推广到其他识别任务，例如我们用相同的框架去预测人类的姿势。我们在COCO挑战赛系列测试的所有三个方面均表现出最佳效果，其中包括实例分割，边界框对象检测和人员关键点检测。在没有遮盖和杂音的情况下，Mask R-CNN在每一种识别任务中胜过所有现有的单模型，包括2016年COCO挑战赛的获奖模型。我们希望我们�

On the exponential curve model of Chinas oil demand 一、引言First. Introduction 在所有的能源类别中，石油一直是全球消费比例最高的能源。 In all of the energy category, the oil has been the highest proportion of global consumption of energy. 由于 经济 飞速 发展 ，在全球能源形势日趋紧张的严峻对局中， 中国 对石油的需求急剧增多。 As the economy rapid development , growing tensions in the global energy situation, the severe the bureau, the Chinese demand for oil increased dramatically. 目前，中国已成为世界上石油需求增长最快的国家。 At present, China has become the worlds fastest growing oil demand. 随着国民经济的持续高速发展，中国的石油消费量逐年增加，2002年达到2.457亿吨，成为继美国之后的第二大石油消费国。 With the sustained rapid development, Chinas oil consumption increased year by year to reach 245.7 million tons in 2002, becoming the seco

The Meaning of Hegels Logic V: Formal Logic and Dialectics Formal logic, which was logic prior to Hegel, saw its field of study as restricted to the laws by means of which the truth of one proposition followed from that of another. For example, in the words of John Stuart Mill: Logic, is the science of the operations of the understanding which are subservient to the estimation of evidence: both the process itself of advancing from known truths to unknown, and all other intellectual operations in so far as auxiliary to this. It includes, therefore, the operation of Naming; .. Definition and Classification. [System of Logic, J S Mill] Ilyenkov explains in his essay on Hegel, that Hegels revolution in logic was effected by widening the scope of logic and the field of observation upon which the validity of logic could be tested, from logic manifested in the articulation of propositions to the manifestation of logic in all aspects of human practice. Formal logic a

IS THERE THE BEST METHOD OF LEARNING PHYSICS? Abstract The question about the method of teaching and learning physics is one of the most important questions which should worry each teacher. Nowadays teachers and students are of-fered a great variety of methods. Teachers are advised to organize their lessons (and the whole teaching process) in an inter-active way and use active (stimulating, motivating) methods of teaching. These methods are supposed to ”force” students to become more active leading them to the precisely defined teaching targets (goals). The author of this article holds the opinion that using only one specific method is enough for students to learn physics successfully. It is the method of learning based on the method of scientific physics - the only most effective method of understanding our Nature. The main tasks of any physics teacher are to help students realize the purposes and the essence of this method as well as create favourable conditions so tha

A SCIENTIFIC METHOD BASED UPON RESERACH SCIENTISTSrsquo; CONCEPTIONS OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Rebecca Reiff, Indiana University William S. Harwood, Indiana University Teddie Phillipson, Indiana University Within science education, clarifying the definition of inquiry has tended to focus on equipping teachers with methods to teach inquiry (Martin-Hansen, 2002; Colburn, 2000, Lederman, 1998). A key goal of science education reform, however, is to improve student understanding of scientific inquiry and ability to do scientific inquiry (National Research Council, 1996). A significant challenge to providing students with the opportunity to model how scientists do science is the persistent description of the scientific method. The literature contains papers written for teachers that foster a traditional understanding of the scientific method and encourage its use in the classroom (some recent examples include: Nelson, 1988; Haines, 1997; Siebert amp; McIntosh, 2001; Giunt

英语原文共 4 页， 国家点火装置(NIF)惯性约束聚变的进展 摘 要 加利福尼亚州利弗莫尔的劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的192束国家点火装置(NIF)现已投入运行并正在进行实验。NIF是美国惯性约束聚变(ICF)计划的前沿设施，它将实现实验室前所未有的高能量密度条件——温度超过1亿K，密度为1000 g/cm3，压力超过1000亿个大气压。这种情况只在恒星内部和热核燃烧时自然存在。在实验室演示点火和热核燃烧是NIF的一个主要目标。迄今为止，NIF激光器已经展示了满足点火挑战所需的所有脉冲形状、光束质量、能量和其他特性。2009年3月10日，NIF激光器向靶室中心发射了1.1兆焦耳的紫外激光能量，大约是以前任何设施能量的30倍。NIF的点火计划是国家点火运动，这是一个由通用原子公司、LLNL公司、洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室、桑迪亚国家实验室�