Hospital Risk Management and the U.S. Legal System: An Introduction to U.S. Medical Malpractice Tort Law C. J. Stimson Abstract In the US hospital setting, risk management focuses on mitigating hospital exposure to loss from legal liability, including medical malpractice tort law claims. This chapter provides perspective on three critical components of the US medical malpractice tort law: process, substance, and justifi cation. Framed in this way, the discussion that follows illuminates both the practice and the policy that forms the foundation of US medical malpractice tort law. 7.1 Introduction Risk management focuses on mitigating an enterprisersquo;s exposure to loss. In the hospital setting, one of the primary loss exposures is from legal liability. Legal liability can fl ow from multiple legal sources, including common law, statutory law, and administrative law. In this chapter, we will review a specifi c subset of the US common law of torts: medical ma

Websites, social networks, email, text messaging, computer-generated or stored documents — these new communications technologies challenge evidentiary rules grounded in a more tangible former reality. Authentication of such evidence is perhaps the most difficult challenge as courts seek to determine its admissibility. Due to the enormous growth in electronic correspondence, electronic writings (also known as e-evidence) have evolved into a fundamental pillar of communication in todayrsquo;s society. Electronic communications have revolutionized how the world does business, learns about and shares news, and instantly engages with friends and family. Ninety one percent of todayrsquo;s online adults use some form of electronic communication regularly in their everyday lives.1 Not surprisingly, various forms of electronic evidence (i.e., e-evidence) are increasingly being used in both civil and criminal litigation. During trials, judges are often asked to rule on the admissibi

How Adopting New Performance Measures Affects Subjective Performance Evaluations: Evidence from EVA Adoption by Chinese State-Owned Enterprises. 作者: Du, Fei1 Erkens, David H.2 Young, S. Mark3 Tang, Guliang4 来源: Accounting Review. 2018, Vol. 93 Issue 1, p161-185. 25p. 11 Charts, 1 Graph. This study investigates how adopting new performance measures affects the decision process through which supervisors make subjective adjustments. In our setting, the Chinese government substituted economic value added (EVA) for return on equity (ROE) in the performance score formula it uses to evaluate State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). In accordance with the Chinese government#39;s objective to increase the capital efficiency of SOEs, supervisors shifted the weight in subjective adjustment decisions from ROE to EVA after EVA adoption. Consistent with EVA adoption creating fairness concerns, however, supervisors did not penalize SOEs for performing poorly on EVA w

Policy Options on Deepening the Reform of Rural Homestead System By Zhang Junkuo amp; Zhang Yunhua, DRC Some prominent problems keep popping up in the rural development today. It is difficult for the current rural homestead system to meet the needs of national modernization drive and urban-rural integrated development, making it necessary to accelerate related reform. The general approach of reform should be “sticking to collective ownership, focusing on transfer of utilization right, and conducting systematic supportive reforms”. Under the current homestead system, rural development faces the following three prominent problems. 1. The idle land resources relating to rural homesteads and residential areas have made it difficult for these resources to be fully used. 2. The rural housing property right for farmers fails to be realized, and the systematic discrepancy and right inequality have created a huge gap between rural and urban residents in the value of housing p

Communication Security We have now finished our study of the tools of the trade. Most of the important techniques and protocols have been covered. The rest of the chapter is about how these techniques are applied in practice to provide network security, plus some thoughts about the social aspects of security at the end of the chapter. In the following three sections, we will look at communication security, that is, how to get the bits secretly and without modification from source to destination and how to keep unwanted bits outside the door. These are by no means the only security issues in networking, but they are certainly among the most important ones, making this a good place to start. 1. IPsec IETF has known for years that security was lacking in the Internet. Adding it was not easy because a war broke out about where to put it. Most security experts believe that to be really secure, encryption and integrity checks have to be end to end (i.e., in the application

Hospital Risk Management and the U.S. Legal System: An Introduction to U.S. Medical Malpractice Tort Law C. J. Stimson Abstract In the US hospital setting, risk management focuses on mitigating hospital exposure to loss from legal liability, including medical malpractice tort law claims. This chapter provides perspective on three critical components of the US medical malpractice tort law: process, substance, and justifi cation. Framed in this way, the discussion that follows illuminates both the practice and the policy that forms the foundation of US medical malpractice tort law. 7.1 Introduction Risk management focuses on mitigating an enterprisersquo;s exposure to loss. In the hospital setting, one of the primary loss exposures is from legal liability. Legal liability can fl ow from multiple legal sources, including common law, statutory law, and administrative law. In this chapter, we will review a specifi c subset of the US common law of torts: medical ma

集成交直流微电网同步整流系统的参数动态相变建模 黄英伟、华昌、赛德·雷扎伊、朱莉·亚特斯基维奇 英国哥伦比亚大学电气计算机工程系 加拿大温哥华BC {ywhuang, huachangece, sdrezaee, jurij}@ece.ubc.ca 摘要-本文着重介绍了同步机整流系统的建模，该系统广泛用于支持中长期中断集成的交流微电网的备用发电。动态向量（DPS）已被证明能有效地模拟这种交流系统及其组成部分，包括谐波。然而，大多数现有的基于线路还乡整流器的DP模型都是有分析推导出来的，其精度是有限的，主要由于：⑴电压/电流开关函数的预先确定波形，依赖于单一的操作模式。⑵谐波动力学的降维表示。为了克服这些挑战，本文了扩展最近开发的参数DP (PDP)建模，通过一组数值构造的显式代数函数，包括谐波动力学。通过详细的仿真，验证了所提出的PDP模型的�

英语原文共 5 页， 在先进控制工程和信息科学的软PLC运行系统的研究 摘要：基于PC自动控制系统是低成本、开放好、易于使用等等,所以它变成了自动化技术的一个新方向。制定国际标准EIC61131-3不仅使工业控制的编程语言领域规范化，也为PLC技术的发展提供了条件。本文介绍了软PLC的原理,论述了PLC软件模型和基于EIC61131-3标准上的实现，详细描述了软PLC运行系统和程序的实现原理，设计了基于工业PC的软PLC运行系统软件，构建了基于工业PC的软逻辑控制系统。最后，对软可编程控制器的实时性和可靠性进行了验证。结果表明，该系统具有良好的可靠性和控制效果。 介绍 软PLC技术是一种新型的基于PC控制技术。与传统的PLC相比,具有开放的体系结构,强大的网络通信能力和提高数据处理能力,能满足现代工业自动化的要求，是�

英语原文共 7 页， 双向LSTM网络，用于改进音素分类和识别 摘要：在本文中，我们使用双向和单向长短时间记忆（LSTM）网络在TIMIT语音产品上进行了两个实验。在第一个实验（逐帧音素分类）中，我们发现双向LSTM优于单向LST和常规的递归神经网络（RNN）。在第二个（音素识别）中，我们发现混合BLSTM-HMM系统在等效的传统HMM系统以及单向LSTM-HMM基础上进行了改进。 1 介绍 因为人类发音系统将相邻的声音模糊在一起，以便快速、顺畅地生成它们（被称为共发音的过程），所以上下文信息对于语音处理中的许多任务很重要。例如，在对语音数据帧进行分类时，有助于查看其后以及之前的帧，尤其是当它出现在单词或句段末尾时。通常，递归神经网络（RNN）非常适合此类任务，而上下文影响的范围是事先未知的。但是它们确实有一�

基于单片机的LED显示屏设计与Proteus仿真 Ding Yanchuang and Guo Jinying 机械工程学院 中国大连交通大学 摘要：本文设计了一种利用AT89C52MCU（(Microcomputer Controller Unit）控制的LED 显示系统。AT89C52控制着由74HC154和74HC595组成的外围电路来显示字符、中文字符与数字。DS1302是用来控制实时显示的。C语言是在Keil uVision3 编译环境中来编程的。该显示系统是通过Proteus软件进行仿真的。在Proteus环境中，画出电路原理图，通过仿真，实现了实时时间的显示、中文字符的静态显示与动态显示。它有着能够改变显示状态细节的按键。通过实际仿真，微处理器AT89C52最大可控屏幕尺寸为64times;32位。单片机AT89C52控制整个屏幕显示中文字符16times;16点阵，共八个字符。并且这个关键功能可以扩展。 关键词：LED显示；AT89C52；Proteus；动态扫描 引言 能源节约的