铯专题测绘外文翻译资料

 2022-02-27 09:02

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铯专题测绘

PhD, Maacute;tyaacute;s, Gede Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics, Eouml;tvouml;s Loraacute;nd University, Budapest; Paacute;zmaacute;ny Peacute;ter seacute;taacute;ny 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; tel: 36 1 3722975, fax: 36 1 3722951, saman@map.elte.hu;

摘要

The open source virtual globe API, Cesium is an excellent tool for creating various thematic visualizations on an

开源虚拟地球API，Cesium是一个很好的工具，可以在interactive 3D globe model embedded into a web page. This API became particularly important since the deprecation嵌入到网页中的交互式三维球体模型。自反预测以来，该API变得尤为重要。of the popular Google Earth plugin. Cesium has a lot of features that can be utilized in thematic mapping: raster流行的谷歌地球插件。铯具有许多可用于专题地图绘制的特征：光栅ground overlays, point placemarks, lines, polygons and 3D objects. Using its own data format, CZML, it is also地面覆盖、点放置标记、线、多边形和三维对象。它还使用自己的数据格式czml possible to define time-dependent features: any kind of numeric values can be interpolated over time such as可以定义与时间相关的特性：任何类型的数值都可以随着时间的推移进行插值，例如 coordinates, size, height, rotation or colour components, which gives the opportunity to create various spatio-temporal坐标、大小、高度、旋转或颜色组件，从而有机会创建各种时空visualizations. This paper introduces the most important features of this API along with their possible use in thematic可视化。本文介绍了该API最重要的特点及其在主题方面的应用。visualization as well as their limitations. The author also developed a QGIS plugin that helps generating various可视化及其局限性。作者还开发了一个有助于生成 thematic visualizations in CZML format.czml格式的主题可视化。

关键词：铯api；专题地图；czml

介绍

Virtual globes and geobrowsers are nowadays very popular media for thematic mapping. As an interactive, moving,

虚拟地球仪和地理浏览器是当今非常流行的主题地图媒体。作为一个互动的，移动的，rotatable-zoomable “gadget” is always good at raising attention, their primary use is in the fields of decision support可旋转可缩放“小工具”总是很好地引起人们的注意，它们的主要用途是在决策支持领域。and popularising, disseminating information. Several papers are available on the topic, focusing either on the technical以及传播、传播信息。有几篇关于这一主题的论文，重点是技术性的possibilities, the possible visualization methods or discussing the justifiable uses of these visualization methods.可能性，可能的可视化方法或讨论这些可视化方法的合理使用。

关于技术背景，大多数基于Google Earth或其（已被否决）插件的解决方案， and using the KML file format for defining thematic content (e.g. Sandvik 2008). Others (e. g. Tiede, Lang 2010) used并使用kml文件格式定义主题内容（如Sandvik 2008）。其他（如：tiede，lang 2010）使用 ArcGIS Explorer, ArcGlobe or NASA World Wind for visualizing data, although in some cases also using KMLArcgis Explorer、ArcGlobe或NASA World Wind用于可视化数据，尽管在某些情况下也使用了KMLformat.格式。

随着新技术的出现，webgl和html5、几个基于javascript的虚拟地球库、API (Application Programming Interfaces) were developed to facilitate displaying 3D interactive globe models on web（应用程序编程接口）的开发是为了便于在网络上显示三维交互式地球仪模型。pages without the use of any plugins. Such a library is OpenWebGlobe, created by Swiss researchers (Christen,不使用任何插件的页面。这样的图书馆是由瑞士研究人员（Christen， 员 （ C h r i s t e n ， Nebiker, Loesch 2012) or WebGL Earth JavaScript API, which originally was a bachelor thesis (Sloup 2011) and isNebiker，Loesch 2012）或WebGL Earth Javascript API，最初是一篇学士论文（Sloop 2011），现在currently maintained by Klokan Technologies. Although these two products are also useful in some cases, due to their目前由Klokan Technologies维护。尽管这两种产品在某些情况下也很有用，因为它们 limitations (discussed e.g. in Gede 2015a) it is advisable to use another library, the Cesium API (Cozzi 2013). Cesium限制（如GEDE 2015a中讨论过）建议使用另一个库，铯API（Cozzi 2013）。铯 铯 offers much wider functionality, rich documentation and a very active developer community ensuring that most提供更广泛的功能、丰富的文档和非常活跃的开发人员社区，确保 questions are answered quickly in developer forums.在开发者论坛中可以快速回答问题。

在一些特殊情况下，更可取的做法是创建一个“独立”的三维主题球体模型，而不是使用 aforementioned APIs. This usually occurs when the globe has a special, non-spherical shape, e. g. the detachable上述API。这种情况通常发生在球体具有特殊的非球形形状时，例如可拆卸的 structural-morphological Earth model showing cross-section of the Earth in (Gede 2015a). If the goal is publishing the显示地球横截面的结构形态地球模型（GEDE 2015a）。如果目标是发布 globe on the web, the best choice is X3DOM, a JavaScript library which enables embedding declarative 3D content在Web上，最好的选择是x3dom，它是一个支持嵌入声明性3D内javascript库。 (X3D code) directly into HTML (Fraunhofer 2014). Using X3DOM, the 3D content becomes an integrated part of the（x3d代码）直接转换为HTML（Fraunhofer 2014）。使用x3dom，3D内容成为 Document Object Model (DOM), making it possible even to alter the 3D content run-time.文档对象模型（DOM），使得甚至可以更改3D内容的运行时。

至于全球的主题内容，3D可视化的可能性几乎是无限的——有很多 more possible visual variables than in the case of 2D maps. This does not mean, however, that one should overwhelm比二维地图更可能的视觉变量。然而，这并不意味着一个人应该压倒 倒 the globe with data – placing too many objects to the globe or using too many visual variables simultaneously may带有数据的球体-将过多的对象放置到球体或同时使用过多的可视变量可能 result in information loss (Gede 2015b). In daily practice, however, most thematic globes use only one of the three most导致信息丢失（GEDE 2015b）。然而在日常实践中，大多数专题性的全球会议只使用三大主题中的一个 common visualization methods: choropleths, 3D prism maps and graduated 3D symbols.常见的可视化方法：合唱、三维棱镜图和分级三维符号。

环球地图不一定是主题地图的最佳选择。Harrower（2009）甚至声称没有必要使用 virtual globes for thematic visualizations at all, as reading planar maps is faster and more efficient. A master thesis at，因为阅读平面图更快更有效的主题可视化的虚拟球体。硕士论文the University of Kansas (White 2012) evaluated the effectiveness of thematic maps on virtual globes. The results堪萨斯大学（White 2012）评估了主题地图在虚拟地球上的有效性。结果indicate that planar thematic maps are more effective in information transmission than thematic globes.说明平面专题地图在信息传递上比专题地图更有效。

这些研究表明，地球仪不是一个很好的主题地图的选择，但人们不应忘记，有much more ways of visualizing information than the most commonly used choropleths, prisms and graduated symbols;比最常用的合唱、棱镜和分级符号更能直观地显示信息； and that the nature and extent of the data should always influence the choice of visualization method. There are at least数据的性质和范围应始终影响可视化方法的选择。至少有有 two important factors that make it reasonable to use globes instead of flat maps. First, letrsquo;s think about traditional两个重要的因素使使用地球仪而不是平面图变得合理。首先，让我们想想传统globe

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