第4章 船的建造外文翻译资料

Chapter 4 the building of a ship

第4章 船的建造

1. Pre-contractual work

1.合同前的工作

Prior to the signing of the contract between shipyard and ship owner for the actual construction of the ship, the shipping company, financer and future owners have already completed a long road of negotiations and considerations.

在船厂与船舶所有人签订船舶虚拟建造合同之前，船舶公司、融资人和未来船舶所有人已经完成了漫长的协商和考虑过程。

Unlike a car, most cargo ships are not ready for delivery in a wide range of pre-constructed models. Most new ships are designed and constructed following the specific requirements of the shipping company.

像汽车一样，大多数货船还没有准备好交付各种各样的预先构建的模型。大多数新船的设计和建造都是按照船公司的具体要求进行的。

However, more and more ships are built in larger series on a standard design with limited variations between different ships. This makes series-production possible, enabling a shipyard to increase its production efficiency.

然而，越来越多的船舶在标准设计的基础上建造成更大的系列，不同船舶之间的差异有限。这使得系列化生产成为可能，使造船厂能够提高生产效率。

The advantages of a standardized ship are:

标准化船舶的优点是:

-the clients know what they can expect

客户知道他们可以期待什么

-the design has already proven itself and can be optimized during the series

该设计已经证明了自己，并可以在此期间进行优化该系列

-the price and construction are known

价格和建设是已知的

-the almost complete absence of the design and engineering period shortens the delivery period of later ships in the series

几乎完全没有设计和工程阶段，缩短了该系列船舶的交货期。

-the costs for design and engineering of the ship are spread over multiple ships, so the overall costs per ship are lower.

船舶的设计和工程造价分散在多艘船舶上，因此每艘船舶的总体成本较低。船舶的设计和工程造价分散在多艘船舶上，因此每艘船舶的总体成本较低。

The disadvantages of a standardized ship are：

标准化的船的缺点是:

the design may not be entirely suitable for the requirements of the shipping company。

这种设计可能不完全适合船公司的要求。

the involvement of the shipping company is limited to details only 。

航运公司的参与仅限于细节。

more competitors may operate the same ships, which are not optimized for a particular trade or shipping company。

更多的竞争对手可能会经营相同的船舶，这些船舶没有针对特定的贸易或航运公司进行优化。

In spite of the disadvantages, shipyards have introduced good and versatile standardised ships in recent years. Some shipping companies are now ordering whole series of these ships with sometimes only a few modifications to the design. However,each modification costs extra。

尽管存在这些缺点，但近年来，船东还是引进了性能良好、用途广泛的标准化船舶。一些船运公司现在订购整系列的这种船，有时只对设计做一些修改。但是，每次修改都需要额外的费用。

1.1 Owners requirements

船东的要求

Most shipping companies first define

formal owners requirements, in particular if the ship will be newly

designed and optimized for the ship-

ping company.

大多数航运公司首先明确船东要求，特别是如果船将会为了航运公司进行新的设计和优化。

It specifies several characteristics of

the new ship, such as：

它指定新船的几个特性，例如：

-the desired carrying capacity and

tonnage

所需的载重量和吨位

-desired service speed and trial speed

期望的工作速度和试航速度

-types of cargo the ship must be able

to transport

船舶必须能够运输的货物种类

-cargo-hold lay-out

货舱布局

-system of hatches/hatch covers

舱口盖系统

-necessity, capacity, Safe Working

Load and type of cargo gear

货物装卸设备的必要性、容量、安全工作负荷和类型

-preferred suppliers of the engines,

auxiliaries, navigation equipment,

cargo gear etc.

发动机优选供应商，辅助设备、导航设备、

货物装卸设备等。

-number of crew and passengers

determine the number of cabins

船员和乘客的数量决定了舱位的数量

-composition of the crew, luxury and dimensions of the cabins and general accommodation

船员组成，豪华和尺寸的船舱和一般住宿

-operational area

作业区

-operational range to determine the

size of the fuel tanks and storage

Compartments

操作范围确定油箱和贮存室的尺寸

-limitations to the size of the ship in

respect to the routes it will navigate

(bridges, locks, water depth etc.

船舶将航行的航线对其大小的限制

(桥梁、船闸、水深等)

-special requirements like strengthening for navigation in ice (ice class) or ramps in the side of the ship

特殊要求，如加强冰内航行(冰级)或船侧坡道

-if freight contracts have already been made, the ultimate completion date

如果货运合同已经签订,最终竣工日期

-required certification, classification

society and flag of registration

须有证书、船级社及注册旗

The shipping company then submits

this list of requirements as a call

for tenders to several shipyards. The

shipyards will then inform the ship-

ping company if they are interested

in preparing a tender for design and

construction of the required ship(s)

This may depend on：

然后，船公司将此需求列表作为招标通知提交给几个造船厂。船厂如有兴趣为所需船只的设计及建造拟备标书，便会通知船公司。这可能取决于:

-the technical capability of the ship-

yard and experience with the ship

type

-the capaci

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