机械设计与制造自动化的认识外文翻译资料

 2022-08-25 09:08

Mechanical Design

Abstract: The mechanical design is a application technical science through design the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need. It involves all domain of the project technology, mainly research size of the product , basic idea of the shape and the detailed structure, also research question of manufacture , sale and use of the product in all aspects.

They usually called designer or mechanical design engineer who carries on each kind of mechanical design work. The mechanical design is a creative work. Design engineer not only have the creativity in the work, but also have the deep elementary knowledge on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineering material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology.

A machine is a combination of mechanisms and other components which transforms, transmits. Examples are engines, turbines, vehicles, hoists, printing presses, washing machines, and movie cameras. Many of the principles and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines. The term 'mechanical design' is used in a broader sense than 'machine desinrsquo;rsquo; to include their design,the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers.

Keywords: Mechanical Design mechanisms Design Process The Design Process Designing starts with a need real.

Existing apparatus may need improvements in durability, efficiency, weight, speed, or cost. New apparatus may be needed to perform a function previously done by men, such as computation, assembly, or servicing. With the objective wholly or partly In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality.

Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. When the general shape and a few dimensions of the several components become apparent, analysis can begin in earnest. The analysis will have as its objective satisfactory or superior performance, plus safety and durability with minimum weight, and a competitive cost. Optimum proportions and dimensions will be sought for each critically loaded section,together with a balance between the strengths of the several components. Materials and their treatment will be chosen. These important objectives can be attained only by analysis based upon the principles of mechanics, such as those of static for reaction forces and for the optimum utilization of friction; of dynamics for inertia, acceleration, and energy; of elasticity and strength of materials for stress and deflection; of physical behavior of materials; and of fluid mechanics for lubrication and hydrodynamic drives.

The analyses may be made by the same engineer who conceived the arrangement of mechanisms, or, in a large company, they may be made by a separate analysis division or research group. Design is a reiterative and cooperative process, whether done formally or informally, and the analyst can contribute to phases other than his own. Product design requires much research and development. Many Concepts of an idea must be studied, tried, and then either used or discarded. Although the content of each engineering problem is unique, the designers follow the similar process to solve the problems. Product liability suits designers and forced in material selection, using the best program.

In the process of material, the most common problems for five

(a) dont understand or not use about the latest application materials to the best information,

(b) failed to foresee and consider the reasonable use material may (such as possible, designers should further forecast and consider due to improper use products. In recent years, many products liability in litigation, the use of products and hurt the plaintiff accused manufacturer, and won the decision),

(c) The data used are incomplete or some data are uncertain, especially when the performance data is not updated for a long time;

(d) the quality control methods are inappropriate and unproven;

(e) the materials are selected by some completely incompetent personnel.

Through the analysis of the above five problems, we can draw a conclusion that these problems exist without sufficient reasons. The research and analysis of these problems can point out the direction to avoid these problems. Despite the fact that product liability litigation cannot be avoided by using the best material selection method, material selection by designers and industry in accordance with appropriate due process can greatly reduce the number of litigation. From the above discussion, it can be seen that people who choose materials should have a comprehensive and basic understanding of the properties, characteristics and processing methods of materials. In subsequent years of production and after-sales service, new concepts should be accepted or further analyzed and improved on the basis of experiments and experience.

Some design rules in this section suggest that creative attitudes should be used to replace and improve them. Maybe more practical, economical and durable products will be created. To stimulate creative thinking, the following are recommended rules for design and analysis. The first six rules are particularly applicable to designers.

1. To ma

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