Computers and Electrical Engineering 64 (2017) 337–353
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Computers and Electrical Engineering
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compeleceng
Wireless sensor networks based smart bin
S.R. Jino Ramsonlowast;, D. Jackuline Moni
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 8 March 2016 Revised 24 November 2016 Accepted 24 November 2016
Available online 7 December 2016
Keywords:
Solid waste management
Smart bin
Wireless sensor networks
Remote monitoring
a b s t r a c t
This article presents the modelling of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to monitor un-filled level of bins through a central monitoring station and evaluation of wireless links. The nodes, called Wireless Monitoring Unit (WMU) are installed in each and every bins and the sensor present in the WMU measures the unfilled level of the bins and trans-mit the data to the Wireless Access Point Unit (WAPU). The WAPU receives data from the WMUrsquo;s and sends the data to the central monitoring station and the level of the bins are monitored by using an application. The current consumption, life expectancy of WMU and WAPU, data transmission distance between WMU and WAPU, wireless link quality and the surface level attainment between the system reading and manual reading have been compared and studied. Based on the obtained results the identified system can be imple-mented eminently for solid waste management.
copy; 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
A WSN is composed of large number of sensor nodes. The nodes are smaller in size, compared to other nodes in conven-tional networks, which sense the real time events, process the sensed data, and transmit the data to its target [1]. The basic block diagram of a WSN node is shown in the Fig. 1. The nodes of a WSN consist of a radio transceiver, microcontroller and sensors. The position of the nodes need not be pre-determined because they must possess the self-organizing capability.
Large numbers of smart sensors have been developed due to the deployment of WSN. Since large numbers of nodes are densely deployed, the neighbouring nodes will be very close to each other. Hence the low power consuming multi-hop communication is encouraged in WSN. Due to low cost, flexibility, high fidelity, self-organization, aggregated intelligence via parallel processing and rapid deployment [2], WSN is being applied in various fields [3–5] which are shown in the Fig. 2.
WSN plays a vital role in the field of real time monitoring. Several monitoring systems have been developed by us-ing WSN for various applications such as monitor and protect wild animals [6], behaviour detection of elderly people [7], combustible gas monitoring [8], online dynamic torque and efficiency monitoring in induction motors [9], road traffic mon-itoring [10], building monitoring [11] and so on. Waste management is one of the applications which involves, the process of collecting the waste, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring the waste materials. It is usually related to materials produced by human activity and the process is generally undertaken to reduce its effect on health and the environment.
The crucial problems in handling of solid wastes are given below:
Reviews processed and recommended for publication to the Editor-in-Chief by Associate Editor Dr. M. H. Rehmani. lowast; Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: jino@karunya.edu, jinoramson@gmail.com (S.R.J. Ramson), moni@karunya.edu (D.J. Moni).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2016.11.030 0045-7906/copy; 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
338 S.R.J. Ramson, D.J. Moni / Computers and Electrical Engineering 64 (2017) 337–353
Fig. 1. Wireless Sensor Node Architecture.
Nomenclature
- Number of MAC payload bytes in a single frame
TTXbef Time required to process the n byte data frame before transmission
TRXaft Time required to process the n byte data frame after reception
DR Data Rate
NPreamble Length of Preamble
NSW Synchronization word in bytes
TR Maximum packet retransmission
Per Probability of packet loss with maximum packet retransmission
- If the solid waste is planned to be collected daily, in case if the bins are unfilled, then it is the wastage of time, fuel and manpower.
- If the solid waste is planned to be collected once in a week, in case if the bins overflow, it spreads around the area, causing illness to the public and pollutes the environment.
Smart bin level monitoring system using WSNs, resolves the crucial problems in handling solid waste and helps to keep the environment clean. The prime focus of this development is to stop the wastage of time, fuel, manpower, causing illness to the public and pollution. This paper demonstrates the deta
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