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The role of information systems in non-routine transit use of university students: Evidence from Brazil and Denmark
信息系统在大学生非常规使用中的作用：来自巴西和丹麦的证据
Sigal Kaplan , Mayara Moraes Monteiro , Marie Karen Anderson , Otto Anker Nielsen , Enilson Medeiros Dos Santos
ABSTRACT:
摘要：
In this study we seek to understand the relation between travel information, transit use intentions and night travel. We hypothesize that transit use is related to the perceived use-fulness and the ease-of-use of the system, which are related to information quality and real-time information availability. The hypothesized relations are anchored theoretically in the Technology Acceptance Model and validated empirically in two case-studies: (i) Copenhagen (Denmark), characterized by a highly integrated transit system with an advanced web-based information system; (ii) Recife and Natal (Brazil), characterized by a lower perceived level-of-service and non-integrated information sources. Data from a tailor-made survey of 1123 university students were collected. Structural equation models were employed for explaining the use of transit as a function of the observed respondent characteristics and the latent constructs. The results show that: (i) information search quality and source explain transit use; (ii) information quality underlies level-of-service and familiarity; (iii) the use of real-time information links to information quality and famil-iarity; (iv) general transit use and non-routine use during night and to unfamiliar places are correlated; and (v) the behavioral framework is confirmed with the two case-studies.
在这项研究中，我们试图了解旅游信息，过境使用意向和夜间旅行之间的关系。我们假设，交通使用与感知有用性和易用性有关，这与信息质量和实时信息可用性有关。假设关系在技术接受模型中被理论锚定，并在两个案例研究中得到验证：（i）哥本哈根（丹麦），其特点是高度集成的公交系统，具有先进的基于Web的信息系统；（ii）Recife和Natal（巴西），其特点是服务水平和非综合信息源的感知水平较低。
收集了1123名大学生量身定制的调查数据。结构方程模型被用来解释使用过境作为观察到的应答特征和潜在构造的函数。结果表明：
（i）信息搜索质量和来源说明公交使用；（ii）信息质量是服务水平和熟悉程度的基础；（iii）使用实时信息链接来提高信息质量和熟悉程度；（iv）夜间和陌生场所的公共交通使用和非常规使用相关；（V）的行为框架与两个案例研究证实。
Keywords:
关键词：
Information systems 信息系统 Public transport 公共交通 Technology acceptance model 技术接受模型
Structural equation models 结构方程模型 Transit use 公共使用
1. Introduction
1. 介绍
The lifestyle of young people is shifting from the traditionally well-rooted and routine lifestyle to a more dynamic one, continuously changing residence place and activity patterns, due to the need for higher education, the competition in the labor market, the need for business travel, higher leisure consumption and globalization. When coupled with growing city complexity and size, this lifestyle, which necessitates people to be constantly on the move in unfamiliar environments, gen-erates high demand for travel information. The more time people spend moving around in complex unfamiliar environ-ments, the more important is getting relevant and reliable information in a clear and efficient format for maintaining the activity schedule, as well as saving time and money. Nevertheless, the cost effectiveness of transit information systems and their impact on usersrsquo; travel patterns and modal shift is unclear. As a result, there are many transit operators that do not provide transit information due to the belief that transit users rely on their past experience and familiarity with the system, word-of-mouth, and operator-specific information (Ibraeva and Figueira de Sousa, 2014). Other transit providers invest in collecting, processing and disseminating real-time information in trip advisor applications (Alves et al., 2012; Farag and Lyons, 2012; Bruglieri et al., 2015). Understanding the relation between information systems and transit use could support transit operators in their decision to invest in advanced information systems.
由于不断变化的居住地和活动模式，对高等教育的需求，劳动力市场的竞争，商务旅行的需求以及消费与全球化有着更高的要求，年轻人的生活方式正在从传统的根深蒂固的生活方式转变为更具活力的生活方式。伴随着日益增长的城市复杂度和规模，这种生活方式使得人们在陌生的环境中不断地移动，这对旅游信息产生了巨大的需求。人们在复杂的陌生环境中花费越多的时间，更重要的是以清晰有效的形式获取相关的和可靠的信息来保持活动日程以及节省时间和金钱。然而，交通信息系统的成本效益及其对用户出行方式和模式转换的影响尚不清楚。因此，有许多交通运营商不提供运输信息，因为相信过境用户依赖他们过去的经验和熟悉的系统，口碑和运营商特定的信息（Ibraeva and Figueira de Sousa, 2014）。其他投资于TRACE顾问应用程序中的收集、处理和传播实时信息的交通工具（Alves et al., 2012; Farag and Lyons, 2012; Bruglieri et al., 2015），在理解信息系统和公交使用之间的关系可以支持公交运营商投资先进信息系统的决策。
Recent studies show the importance of seeking transit information for routine travel and long distance trips. In a survey conducted among 200 participants in China, 77% of the respondents sought transit information one to three times in the week prior to the survey, and 77% said that they would like to see transit information before the trip (Hou and Chen, 2013). In a survey conducted in Bristol, respectively 42% and 57% of the respondents sought information always or very often for leisure and business trips over 50 miles within the UK, while 57% obtained transit information for unfamiliar trips (Farag and Lyons, 2012). An experiment in the corridor between Liverpool and Chester showed that better information about price reduction was associated with a significant ridership increase (Ibraeva and Figueira de Sousa, 2014). The mobile application for transit information in Melbourne (Australia) is downloaded more than 4000 times a week (Ibraeva and Figueira de Sousa, 2014). In an experiment conducted in Japan regarding a new information system on-board the train about stop, transfers, information search regarding lsquo;lsquo;traffic conditions” and lsquo;lsquo;cabin capacity ratio” were among the leading information searches for both men and women (Matsumoto and Hidaka, 2015).
最近的研究指出了寻求日常旅行和长途旅行的交通信息的重要性。200位参与者在中国进行了一项调查，77%的受访者要求交通信息在调查前一周的三倍，而77%的人说他们想在旅行前看到交通
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