为建筑专业学生举办的关于儿童设计教育的研讨会外文翻译资料

 2022-11-12 07:11

A workshop with architecture students about design education for
children

  1. Introduction

Design is a concept that exists in every part of our lives; from the glass in our hand, to the computer we use; from the chair we sit, to the houses we live in. It is very important to support and develop a talented designer from the very early ages through a correct and useful education program; because the art of design is not only a process that ensures the success of societies that are in a great competition with each other, but also a critically important factor that includes creativity and requires the ability of problem solving. Accordingly, the education of architecture, in which these abilities are significant, should be given to children who are the essential users, determiners and designers of future cities. Architecture and “built environment” which is almost completely organized and constructed by human hands covers the most of our lives.

Architecture and built environment affects an individualrsquo;s psychology, physical activities directly or indirectly. Qualified architectural products can broaden the horizon while bad architecture can limit an individualrsquo;s life and imagination. Architecture is the reflection of our culture and cultural richness and values. This close connection between individual and architecture is the basic motive of the education of architecture for children. Architecture education aims at giving needed means to individuals in order to enable them deeply comprehend the life story on earth and make them question existence and humanity. Goals of architecture education are:

Awareness and understanding architecture which is important in human life

Ensuring a high level appreciation in society about built environment

Awareness of responsibility about built and natural environment

Teaching constructional and conceptual information about architecture and increasing designing skills

Ensuring that students are active participants and have active roles in their environment.

    1. Architecture and Children: Design Education Program

In todayrsquo;s world, special design and architecture programs and lessons are given to children in many countries. One of these programs is called lsquo;Architecture and Childrenrsquo;: A design Education Program that is developed by Taylor and Vlastos in 1980s. This interdisciplinary program is based on multiple intelligences and used in the United States of America for more than 30 years. The program aims at enabling teachers, parents and school managers and most importantly children from kindergarten to high school have information and skills on architecture; through this education, they will be able to design their education environments and be sensitive to cultural and natural world they live in.

  1. Purpose

The objective of this study is bidirectional. The first direction of the study is based on children; it aims at strengthening childrenrsquo;s relations with their environment, increasing environmental awareness and enabling them express themselves freely. Namely, in this study, the aim is to increase childrenrsquo;s ability to design as it is believed that futurersquo;s environment will be built by them through their architectural knowledge.

Second direction of the study is based on architecture students: Students will be educated in order to be able to support childrenrsquo;s ability to design by increasing their environmental awareness. It is believed that their contribution to childrenrsquo;s education and their effort to increase the qualification of childrenrsquo;s designs during and after architecture education will affect architectural environment.

    1. Participants

9 students from Yildiz Technical University Undergraduate Architecture Program at the Faculty of Architecture voluntarily attended this study which is executed by 1 academic member of Faculty of Education Sciences and coordinated by 2 academic members of Faculty of Architecture.

2.2 Process

This study includes visual presentations by the executive and practices made by students. Workshop practices continued for 1.5 day; practices like pattern layout, model studies, and studies based on using human body as design object are carried out. After the workshop practices, a written survey is made with attendants in order to evaluate the study.

  1. Some examples from workshop activities
    1. Section Drawing

Various fruit and vegetables are separated into two and they are drawn on papers, one part on the separate section is enlarged under magnifying glass and drawn in detail.

    1. Visual Stories

Practices such as how are the moving objects perceived and reflected by drawing are mentioned under the main headline of visual stories. Some of these examples are mentioned below.

Toy sketches: Frog, snake, dog, beehellip; etc. Drawing small automatic moving toysrsquo; original movements.

Birth, life and death of bubbles: Drawing the movements of soap bubbles in the air and their disappearance.

    1. Animation of Architectural Structures with Human Body

Animation of various constructional components such as arch, dome, vault, space frame, column and flying buttress by using human body either individually or in group.

    1. Shelter Design

If you were stranded on a desert island, what kind of a house would you build? This question is taken into consideration and a shelter is designed with branches of tress, leaves, pine cones, stones etc. are used in order to make a model.

    1. Town Design

Variousconstructional components are used and a model of a town with community facilities such as public garden is made. Colored pasteboards are used in these models.

  1. Evaluation

Objec

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为建筑专业学生举办的关于儿童设计教育的研讨会

  1. 介绍

设计是一个存在于我们生活每一部分的概念;从我们手中的玻璃,到我们使用的电脑;从我们坐的椅子到我们住的房子。通过正确和有用的教育计划从很小的时候就支持和培养一个有才华的设计师是非常重要的;因为设计艺术不仅是一个确保社会在激烈竞争中取得成功的过程,也是一个至关重要的因素,包括创造力和解决问题的能力。因此,建筑教育,其中这些能力是重要的,应该给予儿童,他们是未来城市的基本用户,决定者和设计师。几乎完全由人手组织和建造的建筑和“建筑环境”覆盖了我们的大部分生活。 建筑和建筑环境直接或间接地影响一个人的心理、身体活动。合格的建筑产品可以拓宽视野,而糟糕的建筑可以限制个人的生活和想象力。建筑是我们文化、文化丰富性和价值的反映。个体与建筑的这种紧密联系是儿童建筑教育的基本动力。建筑教育旨在给予个人必要的手段,使他们深刻理解地球上的生活故事,并使他们质疑存在和人性。建筑教育的目标是: 意识和理解对人类生活很重要的建筑 确保社会对建筑环境的高度评价 对建筑和自然环境的责任感 教授建筑结构和概念信息,提高设计技能 确保学生是积极的参与者,并在他们的环境中发挥积极作用。

1.1.

Architecture与儿童:设计教育计划 在当今世界,许多国家的儿童都有特殊的设计和建筑项目和课程。其中一个项目叫做“建筑与儿童”:一个设计教育项目,由泰勒和弗拉斯托斯在20世纪80年代开发。这个跨学科项目基于多元智能,在美国使用了30多年。该计划旨在使教师、家长和学校管理人员,最重要的是从幼儿园到高中的儿童拥有建筑方面的信息和技能;通过这种教育,他们将能够设计自己的教育环境,并对他们生活的文化和自然世界保持敏感。

2.目的

这项研究的目的是双向的。研究的第一个方向是基于儿童;它旨在加强儿童与其环境的关系,提高环境意识,并使他们能够自由表达自己的意见。也就是说,在这项研究中,目的是提高儿童的设计能力,因为人们相信未来的环境将由他们通过建筑知识来营造。 第二个研究方向是建筑专业的学生:学生将接受教育,以便能够通过提高他们的环境意识来支持他们的设计能力。人们相信,他们对儿童教育的贡献以及他们在建筑教育期间和之后提高儿童设计资质的努力将影响建筑环境。

2.1. Participants

伊尔迪兹理工大学建筑学院本科建筑专业的9名学生自愿参加了这项由教育科学学院的1名学术成员执行并由建筑学院的2名学术成员协调的研究。

2.2流程

这项研究包括行政人员的视觉展示和学生的实践。研讨会持续1.5天;进行诸如图案布局、模型研究和基于使用人体作为设计对象的研究之类的实践。研讨会结束后,将与服务员一起进行书面调查,以评估研究结果。

3。研讨会活动中的一些例子

3.1. Section绘画 各种水果和蔬菜被分成两部分,它们被画在纸上,单独部分的一部分在放大镜下放大并详细画出。

3.2. Visual故事 在视觉故事的主要标题下提到了一些实践,例如通过绘画如何感知和反映运动的物体。下面提到了其中的一些例子。 玩具草图:青蛙、蛇、狗、蜜蜂hellip;hellip;等等。绘制小型自动移动玩具的原始动作。 泡泡的诞生、生与死:描绘肥皂泡在空气中的运动及其消失。 人体建筑结构的

3.3. Animation 通过单独或成组使用人体对各种建筑构件(如拱门、穹顶、拱顶、空间框架、圆柱和飞扶壁)进行动画制作。

3.4. Shelter设计 如果你被困在荒岛上,你会建什么样的房子?考虑到这个问题,用树枝、树叶、松果、石头等设计了一个庇护所。用来制作模型。

3.5. Town设计 使用了各种建筑构件,并制作了一个带有公共花园等社区设施的城镇模型。这些模型中使用彩色纸板。

4.

估价 研讨会实践的目标是:培养对建筑和通过建筑向儿童提供设计教育的方式的认识。车间实践分为六个标题,持续1.5天,共13小时。因为参与是自愿的,所以学生们在活动中既享受又开心。学生们提到练习给人留下深刻印象,与众不同,他们在活动中感到纯净和自由。除此之外,学生们说给孩子们建筑教育的方法对他们来说是一种不同的重要经历。学生对以下问题的回答:“当你感到压力时,有没有什么要点?”如下所示: “很难简单整洁地思考,因为这种思维体系不同于建筑学科的常规。” '与往常不同,在我们有边界的教育体系中,自由迫使我.' 学生们给出了下面提到的问题的答案:“在车间实践中有什么不同/有趣的地方吗?” '有趣的是,我们做的每一个应用程序以前都是由其他一些孩子完成的。' '用我们在自然界中发现的材料来准备设计是很有趣的.' '我发现老鼠屋的设计与给孩子的建筑教育不同.' '驾驶气球竞赛和玩具之类的活动非常有趣。' 对以下问题的回答:“车间活动中是否有遗漏之处?“给出如下: “共同研究领域的不同分支可以一起工作,他们可以合作。例如:建筑师、教师和教师。” “我以为我们要和孩子们一起练习。我认为唯一缺少的是孩子。”

5。结论

通过工作坊研究范围内的实践,建筑专业的学生了解了儿童的智力世界,并体验了旨在发展儿童能力的教学方法。建筑系的学生被特别告知,对孩子来说,在发展过程中最重要的教育工具是游戏和玩具,如果孩子体验到周围的一切,他们学得最好。这就是为什么车间活动是基于他们周围的事物和他们生活中的事物,例如生物(橡胶青蛙、蜜蜂、蛇)、植物(水果和蔬菜)游戏(制作气球)、他们居住的地方和方面(公园、房子、圆顶、拱顶等)。)和建筑学专业的学生被告知这些成分在孩子生活中的重要性。在这种背景下,本研究的目的是表明,本研究可以促进学生环境意识的智力发展,他们保护自然的愿望,以及他们通过确保儿童与自然和儿童与环境的相互作用从自然中受益的方式。

对孩子们来说,除了了解他们的功能、结构和关于它们是如何组合在一起的信息之外,在“建筑环境”中学习和体验各种建筑也很重要;但关键的一点是,他们应该通过体验他们或看到朋友生活中的经历来学习这些信息。这些经历也很重要,因为孩子们只能通过它们来学习、表达和评论关于建筑、城镇和环境的概念。 这项研究的另一个目的是表明,一个更好的“建筑环境”可以由受过良好教育、有意识和意识到自己生活环境的孩子来设计。为了抚养这些孩子,他们应该接受这样的教育,即他们可以将不同大小的成分组合在一起,达到高度合格的建筑环境。 除此之外,本研究还分析和展示了儿童从不同的角度看待他们每天看到的事物的能力以及正确表达这些观点的能力的重要性。 精心构建的教育目标基于自然、周围环境和生活空间,目的是引导儿童认识、识别和满足他们的需求。 因此,这项研究表明,不同的学科,如儿童教育和建筑,可以结合在一起,并可以相互利用。这种结合也可以给在这个领域工作的人不同的观点。

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