1.Love. Break up. Repeat: The prevalence and stability of serial cohabitation among West German women and men born in the early 1970s
By Nicole Hiekel, Barbara Elisabeth Fulda
Date received: 22 May 2018
Date published: 11 Oct 2018
Word count: 2106
Keywords: German Family Panel pairfam (Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics), multiple decrement life table, repeated (serial) cohabitation, unmarried cohabitation, West Germany
DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.30
Abstract
Background: Serial cohabitation is of growing scientific relevance as more and more people experience the formation and dissolution of multiple unmarried cohabitations.
Objective: Knowledge on the prevalence and stability of serial cohabitation outside the US context is limited. We provide unprecedented estimates on serial cohabitation on a West German cohort born in the early 1970s.
Methods: We analyze 1,461 women and 1,121 men from the Pairfam study aged between 35 and 45 from birth cohorts 1971, 1972, and 1973 in West Germany who ever resided with a partner. Educational differences by cohabitation order are studied using one-way ANOVA. In multiple decrement life table analysis, we examine the stability of cohabitation of different order during the first five years of relationship. Two possible exit routes from unmarried cohabitation are analyzed: union dissolution and marriage.
Results: Serial cohabitation is not related to educational attainment. The vast majority of cohabiting unions end within five years, more frequently by marriage than dissolution. Among three-and higher-order cohabitations marriage is less frequent. They do not differ from lower-order cohabiting unions regarding dissolution incidence.
Conclusions: Serial cohabitation is a minority experience in the cohort studied. Unlike in the United States, serial cohabitation is equally prevalent in all educational strata. Cohabitation is a stepping-stone towards marriage for the vast majority of cohabiters.
Contribution: Having cohabited more than once does not imply a rejection of the institution of marriage or reflect unwillingness to enter potentially stable and committed unions. Most cohabiters opt for marriage although it takes two turns in some cases.
2.Risk-avoidance or utmost commitment: Dutch focus group research on views on cohabitation and marriage
By Nicole Hiekel, Renske Keizer
Date received: 20 Nov 2013
Date published: 03 Feb 2015
Word count: 7732
Keywords: cohabitation marriage, commitment, focus groups, Netherlands, risk aversion
DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.10
Weblink: You will find all publications in this Special Collection “Focus on Partnerships: Discourses on cohabitation and marriage throughout Europe and Australia” at http://www.demographic-research.org/special/17/
Abstract
Background: Dutch adults grew up in a highly individualized country, characterized by high divorce rates, which may have influenced their views on cohabitation and marriage.
Objective: We examine Dutch adults perceptions of how similar or different cohabitation and marriage are, whether they believe that cohabitation would be a strategy to avoid the risk of divorce, as well as their views on why people marry in individualized societies.
Methods: We analyze seven focus group interviews with 40 Dutch participants, collected in 2012 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Results: Many participants discussed differences and similarities between cohabitation and marriage in a context of high divorce rates, and frequently viewed cohabitation as a risk-reduction strategy. At the same time, marriage was often seen as ―the real deal‖, in terms of legal arrangements, but also as a symbol of utmost commitment. Less educated participants viewed more financial advantages in cohabitation compared to marriage, and felt more strongly about the symbolic value of marriage than their highly educated counterparts. There was strong consensus that there is not, and should not be, a social norm to marry.
Conclusions: In a context of high relationship instability, cohabitation has become a risk-reduction strategy. When norms to marry are weak, people may marry in order to emphasize the uniqueness of their relationship. However, the individualistic nature of Dutch society is mirrored in respondents reluctance to set standards or proscribe norms on why and when to marry and their emphasis that cohabitation can also imply high levels of commitment.
3.On the normative foundations of marriage and cohabitation: Results from group discussions in eastern and western Germany
By Andreas Klauml;rner, Andreacute; Knabe
Date received: 29 Jul 2016
Date published: 18 May 2017
Word count: 9973
Keywords: cohabitation, focus groups, Germany, marriage, nonmarital childbearing, second demographic transition, value change
DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.53
Updated Items: On May 22, 2017, acknowledgements were added at the authors request.
Abstract
Background: Since the 1960s the inclination to get married has been declining in almost all western industrialised countries. Partnership arrangements have become more diverse and the share of cohabiting couples and nonmarital births has been increasing. Yet there are substantial regional differences in marriage and childbearing patterns, and the differences between eastern and western Germany are especially striking. We assume those differences can be partially explained by social norms and different attitudes towards marriage, cohabitation, and childbearing.
Objective: We explore the views and values young people in eastern and western Germany hold about marriage, cohabitation, and childbearing and how those views relate to individual life experiences. We also examine different social norms and contex
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1.Love. Break up. Repeat: The prevalence and stability of serial cohabitation among West German women and men born in the early 1970s
1.爱。分手。重复:一系列同居在西德70年代早期出生的男女中的普遍性和稳定性
By Nicole Hiekel, Barbara Elisabeth Fulda
作者:NicoleHiekel，BarbaraElisabethFulda
Date received: 22 May 2018
收到日期:2018年5月22日
Date published: 11 Oct 2018
出版日期:2018年10月11日
Word count: 2106
字数:2106
Keywords: German Family Panel pairfam (Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics), multiple decrement life table, repeated (serial) cohabitation, unmarried cohabitation, West Germany
关键词:德国家庭组合(亲密关系和家庭动态的组合分析)，多重衰减生活表，重复(连续)同居，未婚同居，西德
DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.30
Doi: 10.4054 / detres. 2018.39.30
Abstract
摘要
Background: Serial cohabitation is of growing scientific relevance as more and more people experience the formation and dissolution of multiple unmarried cohabitations.
背景:随着越来越多的人经历多重未婚同居关系的形成和解除，连续同居的科学意义日益增强。
Objective: Knowledge on the prevalence and stability of serial cohabitation outside the US context is limited. We provide unprecedented estimates on serial cohabitation on a West German cohort born in the early 1970s.
目的:对美国以外的连续同居的流行程度和稳定性的了解是有限的。我们提供了前所未有的关于西德70年代出生的同居人群的数据。
Methods: We analyze 1,461 women and 1,121 men from the Pairfam study aged between 35 and 45 from birth cohorts 1971, 1972, and 1973 in West Germany who ever resided with a partner. Educational differences by cohabitation order are studied using one-way ANOVA. In multiple decrement life table analysis, we examine the stability of cohabitation of different order during the first five years of relationship. Two possible exit routes from unmarried cohabitation are analyzed: union dissolution and marriage.
方法:我们对1971年、1972年和1973年在西德进行的35岁至45岁的伴侣家庭调查中的1461名女性和1121名男性进行分析。采用单因素方差分析研究了同居令对教育程度的影响。在多减量生命表分析中，我们考察了不同次序的同居关系在前五年的稳定性。分析了非婚同居的两种可能的退出途径:同居解除和婚姻。
Results: Serial cohabitation is not related to educational attainment. The vast majority of cohabiting unions end within five years, more frequently by marriage than dissolution. Among three-and higher-order cohabitations marriage is less frequent. They do not differ from lower-order cohabiting unions regarding dissolution incidence.
结果:连续同居与学历无关。绝大多数同居关系在五年内结束，通常是因为结婚而不是离婚。在三级和更高级别的同居关系中，结婚的频率较低。在解散事件方面，它们与低阶同居关系没有区别。
Conclusions: Serial cohabitation is a minority experience in the cohort studied. Unlike in the United States, serial cohabitation is equally prevalent in all educational strata. Cohabitation is a stepping-stone towards marriage for the vast majority of cohabiters.
结论:在所研究的队列中，连续同居是少数人的经历。与美国不同，连环同居在所有教育阶层中同样普遍。对于绝大多数同居者来说，同居是走向婚姻的垫脚石。
Contribution: Having cohabited more than once does not imply a rejection of the institution of marriage or reflect unwillingness to enter potentially stable and committed unions. Most cohabiters opt for marriage although it takes two turns in some cases.
贡献:同居不止一次并不意味着拒绝婚姻制度，也不意味着不愿意进入可能稳定和承诺的结合。大多数同居者选择结婚，尽管在某些情况下需要两次轮流经过。
2.Risk-avoidance or utmost commitment: Dutch focus group research on views on cohabitation and marriage
2.风险规避或最大承诺:荷兰关于同居和婚姻观点的焦点小组研究
By Nicole Hiekel, Renske Keizer
作者:NicoleHiekel，RenskeKeizer
Date received: 20 Nov 2013
收到日期:2013年11月20日
Date published: 03 Feb 2015
出版日期:2015年2月3日
Word count: 7732
字数:7732
Keywords: cohabitation marriage, commitment, focus groups, Netherlands, risk aversion
关键词:同居婚姻，承诺，焦点小组，荷兰，风险规避
DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.10
Doi: 10.4054 / detres. 2015.32.10
Weblink: You will find all publications in this Special Collection “Focus on Partnerships: Discourses on cohabitation and marriage throughout Europe and Australia” at http://www.demographic-research.org/special/17/
韦布林克:你可以在http://www.demographic-research.org/Special/17/的《关注伙伴关系:关于欧洲和澳大利亚的同居和婚姻的论述》这本特别合集中找到所有的出版物
Abstract
摘要
Background: Dutch adults grew up in a highly individualized country, characterized by high divorce rates, which may have influenced their views on cohabitation and marriage.
背景:荷兰成年人在一个高度个性化的国家长大，这个拥有属性的高离婚率可能影响了他们对同居和婚姻的看法。
Objective: We examine Dutch adults perceptions of how similar or different cohabitation and marriage are, whether they believe that cohabitation would be a strategy to avoid the risk of divorce, as well as their views on why people marry in individualized societies.
目的:我们调查荷兰成年人对同居和婚姻的相似或不同的看法，他们是否相信同居是一种避免离婚风险的策略，以及他们对人们在个性化社会中结婚的原因的看法。
Methods: We analyze seven focus group interviews with 40 Dutch participants, collected in 2012 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
方法:我们对2012年在荷兰鹿特丹收集的40名荷兰参与者的7次焦点小组访谈进行分析。
Results: Many participants discussed differences and similarities between cohabitation and marriage in a context of high divorce rates, and frequently viewed cohabitation as a risk-reduction strategy. At the same time, marriage was often seen as ―the real deal‖, in terms of legal arrangements, but also as a symbol of utmost commitment. Less educated participants viewed more financial advantages in cohabitation compared to marriage, and felt more strongly about the symbolic value of marriage than their highly educated counterparts. There was strong consensus that there is not, and should not be, a social norm to marry.
结果:在高离婚率的背景下，许多参与者讨论了同居和婚姻之间的异同，并经常将同居视为一种降低风险的策略。与此同时，从法律安排的角度来看，婚姻通常被视为——真正的交易，但同时也是最大承诺的象征。受教育程度较低的参与者认为同居比婚姻更有经济优势，并且比受过高等教育的参与者更强烈地感受到婚姻的象征价值。有一个强烈的共识，那就是没有，也不应该有，受到一个社会规范而去结婚。
Conclusions: In a context of high relationship instability, cohabitation has become a risk-reduction strategy. When norms to marry are weak, people may marry in order to emphasize the uniqueness of their relationship. However, the individualistic nature of Dutch society is mirrored in respondents reluctance to set standards or proscribe norms on why and when to marry
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