CHAPTER 9 ENGINEERING CASUALTY CONTROL
This chapter provides general information on engineering casualty control, a phase of damage control. If a review of damage control principles and related information is necessary, see Basic Military Requirements, NAVEDTRA 10054 (cur-rent edition), Military Requirements for Petty Officer 3 amp; 2, NAVEDTRA 10056 (current edition), Fireman, NAVEDTRA 10520 (current edition), and Naval Shipsrsquo; Technical Manual, chapter 079. The mission of engineering casualty control is to maintain all engineering services in a state of maximum readiness and reliability. To carry out this mission, it is necessary for all personnel concerned to know what actions are necessary to prevent, minimize, and correct any effects of operational and battle casualties on the machinery and the electrical and piping installations of their ship.
The primary objective of casualty control is to maintain a ship in such a condition that it will function effectively as a fighting unit. This requires effective maintenance of propulsion machinery, electrical systems, interior and exterior communications, fire control, electronic services, ship control, fire main supply, and of such miscellaneous services as heating, air condition-ing, and compressed air. Failure of any of these services will affect a shiprsquo;s ability to fulfill its primary objective, either directly, by reducing its power, or indirectly, by creating conditions which would lower personnel morale and efficiency.
A secondary objective of casualty control is to minimize personnel casualties and secondary damage to vital machinery.
You can find detailed information on casualty control in the Engineering Casualty Control Manual, the Damage Control Book, the Shiprsquo;s Organization Book, and the Shiprsquo;s Repair Party Manual. Although these publications vary from ship to ship, they explain the organization and the procedures that must be followed when engineering casualties, damage to the ship, or other emergency conditions occur.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CASUALTY CONTROL
The basic factors influencing the effectiveness of engineering casualty control are much broader than the immediate actions taken at the time of the casualty. Engineering casualty control effi-ciency is obtained through a combination of sound design, careful inspection, thorough plant maintenance (including preventive maintenance), and effective personnel organization and training. CASUALTY PREVENTION IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE FORM OF CASUALTY CON-TROL.
DESIGN
Design influences the effectiveness of casualty control in two ways: (1) the elimination of weaknesses which may lead to material failure and (2) the installation of alternate or standby equipment for supplying vital services in the event of a casualty to the primary equipment. Both of these factors are considered in the design of naval ships. Each individual plant aboard ship is equipped with duplicate vital auxiliaries, loop systems, and cross connections. All complete propulsion plants are designed to operate as isolated units (split-plant design).
CASUALTY CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS
Casualty control communications is extremely important to the operation and organization of the ship. Without adequate and proper means of communication between the different units, the whole organization of casualty control will fail in its primary objective.
To ensure that sufficient means of communications are available, several different systems are installed aboard ship. The normal means of communications are the battle telephone circuits (sound powered), interstation 2-way systems (intercoms), ship service telephones, shiprsquo;s loud speaker (1-MC), and voice tubes. Messengers are also used in some situations when other methods of communications are not available or when written reports are required.
The transmission of correct information regarding a casualty and the speed with which the report is made are essential to be of value in any method of communication.
It is also essential that control of all communication circuits be established by the con-trolling station. The circuits must never be allowed to get out of control, because of “cross-talk” caused by more than one station operating at the same time and each assuming that it has the priority message. Casualty control communication must be incorporated into casualty control training, since prompt action to notify the control station or engineering control of a casualty must be taken to prevent the development of other casualties which could be more serious than the original casualty.
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
Inspection and maintenance are vital to successful casualty control, since they minimize the occurrence of casualties due to material failures. Continuous and detailed inspections are necessary not only to discover partly damaged parts which may fail at a critical time, but also to eliminate any underlying conditions which may lead to early failure (maladjustment, improper lubrication, corrosion, erosion, and other causes of machinery damage). Particular and continuous attention must be paid to symptoms of malfunctioning, such as unusual noises, vibrations, abnormal temperatures, abnormal pressures, and abnormal operating speeds.
Operating personnel should thoroughly familiarize themselves with the specific temperatures, pressures, and operating speeds required for the normal operation of equipment, in order to detect all departures from normal operation.
When a gage, or other instrument recording the operating conditions of machinery, gives an abnormal reading, the cause must be fully investigated. A spare instrument, or a calibration test, will quickly indicate whether or not the ab-normal reading is due to instrument error. Any other cause must be traced to its source.
Because of the safety factor commonly incorporated in pumps and similar equipment, co
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CHAPTER 9 ENGINEERING CASUALTY CONTROL This chapter provides general information on engineering casualty control, a phase of damage control. If a review of damage control principles and related information is necessary, see Basic Military Requirements, NAVEDTRA 10054 (cur-rent edition), Military Requirements for Petty Officer 3 amp; 2, NAVEDTRA 10056 (current edition), Fireman, NAVEDTRA 10520 (current edition), and Naval Shipsrsquo; Technical Manual, chapter 079. The mission of engineering casualty control is to maintain all engineering services in a state of maximum readiness and reliability. To carry out this mission, it is necessary for all personnel concerned to know what actions are necessary to prevent, minimize, and correct any effects of operational and battle casualties on the machinery and the electrical and piping installations of their ship. The primary objective of casualty control is to maintain a ship in such a condition that it will function effectively as a fighting unit. This requires effective maintenance of propulsion machinery, electrical systems, interior and exterior communications, fire control, electronic services, ship control, fire main supply, and of such miscellaneous services as heating, air condition-ing, and compressed air. Failure of any of these services will affect a shiprsquo;s ability to fulfill its primary objective, either directly, by reducing its power, or indirectly, by creating conditions which would lower personnel morale and efficiency. A secondary objective of casualty control is to minimize personnel casualties and secondary damage to vital machinery. You can find detailed information on casualty control in the Engineering Casualty Control Manual, the Damage Control Book, the Shiprsquo;s Organization Book, and the Shiprsquo;s Repair Party Manual. Although these publications vary from ship to ship, they explain the organization and the procedures that must be followed when engineering casualties, damage to the ship, or other emergency conditions occur. FACTORS INFLUENCING CASUALTY CONTROL The basic factors influencing the effectiveness of engineering casualty control are much broader than the immediate actions taken at the time of the casualty. Engineering casualty control effi-ciency is obtained through a combination of sound design, careful inspection, thorough plant maintenance (including preventive maintenance), and effective personnel organization and training. CASUALTY PREVENTION IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE FORM OF CASUALTY CON-TROL. DESIGN Design influences the effectiveness of casualty control in two ways: (1) the elimination of weaknesses which may lead to material failure and (2) the installation of alternate or standby equipment for supplying vital services in the event of a casualty to the primary equipment. Both of these factors are considered in the design of naval ships. Each individual plant aboard ship is equipped with duplicate vital auxiliaries, loop systems, and cross connections. All complete propulsion plants are designed to operate as isolated units (split-plant design). CASUALTY CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS Casualty control communications is extremely important to the operation and organization of the ship. Without adequate and proper means of communication between the different units, the whole organization of casualty control will fail in its primary objective. To ensure that sufficient means of communications are available, several different systems are installed aboard ship. The normal means of communications are the battle telephone circuits (sound powered), interstation 2-way systems (intercoms), ship service telephones, shiprsquo;s loud speaker (1-MC), and voice tubes. Messengers are also used in some situations when other methods of communications are not available or when written reports are required. The transmission of correct information regarding a casualty and the speed with which the report is made are essential to be of value in any method of communication. It is also essential that control of all communication circuits be established by the con-trolling station. The circuits must never be allowed to get out of control, because of “cross-talk” caused by more than one station operating at the same time and each assuming that it has the priority message. Casualty control communication must be incorporated into casualty control training, since prompt action to notify the control station or engineering control of a casualty must be taken to prevent the development of other casualties which could be more serious than the original casualty. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE Inspection and maintenance are vital to successful casualty control, since they minimize the occurrence of casualties due to material failures. Continuous and detailed inspections are necessary not only to discover partly damaged parts which may fail at a critical time, but also to eliminate any underlying conditions which may lead to early failure (maladjustment, improper lubrication, corrosion, erosion, and other causes of machinery damage). Particular and continuous attention must be paid to symptoms of malfunctioning, such as unusual noises, vibrations, abnormal temperatures, abnormal pressures, and abnormal operating speeds. Operating personnel should thoroughly familiarize themselves with the specific temperatures, pressures, and operating speeds required for the normal operation of equipment, in order to detect all departures from normal operation. When a gage, or other instrument recording the operating conditions of machinery, gives an abnormal reading, the cause must be fully investigated. A spare instrument, or a calibration test, will quickly indicate whether or not the ab-normal reading is due to instrument error. Any other cause must be traced to its source. Because of the safety factor commonly incorporated in pumps and simila 全文共32461字，剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料 资料编号：[2413] |
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