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 2022-02-10 10:02

Improving Cost and Time Control in Construction Using Building Information Model (BIM): A Review

ABSTRACT

The control of cost and time in construction projects is one of the most important issues in construction since the emergence of the construction industry. A successful project should meet not only quality output standards, but also time and budget objectives. The management and control of cost and time in construction is fundamental in every project. An effective cost and time management and control technique for construction projects is important in managing risk of cost overrun and delay in completion of projects. Construction projects are becoming more complex as they now involve many stakeholders from different disciplines. The emergence of Building Information Model (BIM), an alternative technology is believed to solve issues related to project cost and time control as it efficiently increases collaboration between stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to review and summaries the causes of delay and cost overrun in construction industries, which are the main causes of disputes and abandonment of projects in the industry. It was found that delays and cost overrun eat deep into the industry and leave the construction industry with a bad image for decades even with rapid advancement in technology. The review of the applications of BIM showed that most of the applications are geared towards minimizing construction cost and time spent on projects. This means that the use of BIM in the management of construction projects has great impact on project cost and time.

Keywords: BIM, cost control, delay and cost overrun, time control

INTRODUCTION

Control of cost and time in a construction project is one of the most important issues in construction since the emergence of the industry (Minchin et al., 2013). In this light, a successful project should not only meet quality output standards, but also time and budget objectives. Time and cost performance is a fundamental criterion for the success of any project. However, delay of project completion is very common in the construction industry due to ineffective cost and time control (Forbes amp; Ahmed, 2010). The essence of cost and time control is to ensure that projects are finished on time, and this is attainable through constant measurement of progress, evaluation of plans and taking appropriate action on the project (Kerzner, 2013). Buttressing this also is the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), which suggests that in order to achieve the baseline objectives of any project, there has to be effective monitoring of project cost and time control (PMI, 2013).

Inherently, cost and time are two major concerns in managing construction projects (Rasdorf amp; Abudayyeh, 1991). However, construction projects are becoming more complex as they now involve many stakeholders from different disciplines. Most of the features of projects that give rise to delay and cost overruns do vary alongside with the project type, location, size and scope. Most of the time, construction projects that are large in nature and scope are characterised by their complexity and capital demands (Torp et al., 2016).

In addition, the construction industry has many branches, and as such, it encompasses a lot of information about any one construction project. This is information that is very important to a project, and can be the basic foundation for decision-making, procurement and collaboration. The success of a project requires cost management among other factors to be considered before the commencement of the project (Masrom et al., 2015). Cost management starts with quantification, which takes a lot of time and is tedious in nature. Traditionally, the process is manually completed most of the time with high likelihood of human error, which tends to be higher when preparing estimates for complex projects. The use of computer-related applications allow for the making of more reliable decisions (Martiacute;nez-Rojas et al., 2016).

Globally, the construction industry is replete with high-profile projects that are faced with significant delays and cost overrun (Smith, 2014). For example, in Saudi Arabia, it was found out that only 30% of construction projects were completed within the scheduled completion dates and that the average time overrun was between 10% and 30% (Assaf amp; AlHejji, 2006). Malaysia, a fast-developing country in Southeast Asia, is no exception from this global phenomenon. In 2005, about 17.3% of government contract projects in Malaysia were considered sick due to three months of delay and therefore, abandoned.

However, the construction industry in Malaysia plays a vital role in the nationrsquo;s economic growth. It brings job opportunity and increment to the peoplersquo;s quality of life by providing essential socioeconomic infrastructure, such as offices, roads, houses and schools. Additionally, Malaysia is progressively marching towards industrialisation and the role of the construction industry is to enhance and at the same time, realise the needs and aspiration of its population (Alaghbari et al., 2007). Unfortunately, construction project delays and cost overrun are the norm in the Malaysian construction industry, leading to additional project costs (Enshassi et al., 2009).

The Malaysian construction industry is regarded as an industry facing poor performance leading to failure in achieving effective and efficient cost and time management (Ismail et al., 2013). In addition, the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) stated that in 2008 the quality of time management of construction projects was generally poor (Purnus amp; Bodea, 2013). Research conducted by CIOB in 2008 indicated that growth in training, education and skill levels within the construction industry in the use of time management techniques has not kept pace with the tec

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